Disease relevance of Nucleocapsid

• HBV DNA and DNA polymerase activity were detected in particles resembling both nucleocapsids and complete virions (Dane particles) [1].
• Herein we report that azodicarbonamide (ADA) represents a new compound that inhibits HIV-1 and a broad range of retroviruses by targeting the the nucleocapsid CCHC domains [2].
• We show here that two such compounds, 3-nitrosobenzamide and 6-nitroso-1,2-benzopyrone, inhibit infection of human immunodeficiency virus HIV-1 in human lymphocytes and also eject zinc from isoalted HIV-1 nucleocapsid zinc fingers and from intact HIV-1 virions [3].
• Sindbis virus consists of a nucleocapsid core surrounded by a lipid membrane through which penetrate 80 glycoprotein trimers [4].
• Clearance of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) during acute hepatitis is associated with a strong, polyclonal, multispecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response to the viral envelope, nucleocapsid and polymerase proteins that persists for decades after clinical recovery [5].

High impact information on Nucleocapsid

• Nucleocapsid and glycoprotein organization in an enveloped virus [6].
• The three-dimensional structure of the human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 (HIV-1) nucleocapsid protein (NC) bound to the SL3 stem-loop recognition element of the genomic Psi RNA packaging signal has been determined by heteronuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy [7].
• We show that SLU7 is an essential gene that contains a small motif with striking similarity to the cysteine-rich zinc knuckle of retroviral nucleocapsid proteins, which has been implicated in RNA binding [8].
• The transport of the viral PB1 protein, nucleocapsid protein, hemagglutinin, membrane protein, and M2 mRNAs was not affected by the NS1 protein [9].
• The assembly of Ebola virus nucleocapsid requires virion-associated proteins 35 and 24 and posttranslational modification of nucleoprotein [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Nucleocapsid

• A highly significant enhancement of the CD4-mediated response to HBV nucleocapsid antigens was already detectable in most patients 7-14 d after the start of lamivudine treatment [11].
• The function of these is probably to anchor the tail against the inner surface of the membrane so that the tyrosine-containing motif is properly presented to the nucleocapsid [12].
• Conserved cysteine and histidine residues of the avian myeloblastosis virus nucleocapsid protein are essential for viral replication but are not "zinc-binding fingers" [13].
• One or two copies of similar sequence motifs are found in the nucleocapsid protein of retroviruses where they are involved in protein-RNA interactions, and in cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP), a protein that binds to the sterol regulatory element [14].
• By contrast, treatment of inside out vesicles with Triton X-100 solubilizes the lipid bilayer, releasing viral integral membrane glycoproteins and leaving viral nucleocapsids intact [15].

Biological context of Nucleocapsid

• The P2 sequence (YVNVNMGLK) purified from liver tissue was in concordance with that encoded by the viral genome for the HBV nucleocapsid antigen or HBcAg 88-96 [16].
• Cell proliferation to HBV nucleocapsid antigens and peptides and frequency of circulating HBV nucleocapsid-specific T cells were assessed to characterize CD4-mediated responses [11].
• Thus, in contrast to retroviral replication, the interaction of the hepadnaviral P protein and the RNA genome at its packaging signal appears to be crucial for initiating the formation of replication-competent nucleocapsids [17].
• The smallest RNA segment, S, encodes the nucleocapsid protein N and a nonstructural protein, NSs, in overlapping reading frames [18].
• Interferon-induced human MxA GTPase blocks nuclear import of Thogoto virus nucleocapsids [19].

Anatomical context of Nucleocapsid

• It is presumed that VP24 is necessary for the formation of transport-competent nucleocapsids and/or the interaction between the nucleocapsids and the budding sites at the plasma membrane [20].
• H. sylvilagus nucleocapsids were isolated from infected cell nuclei and purified by sedimentation through a 36% sucrose cushion, followed by equilibrium centrifugation in 5 to 50% tartrate gradient [21].
• Uukuniemi virus assembles in the Golgi complex, where both glycoproteins G1 and G2 and nucleocapsid protein N accumulate (E. Kuismanen, B. Bång, M. Hurme, and R. F. Pettersson, J. Virol. 51:137-146, 1984) [22].
• Transfection of Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized B-cell lines with this panel of recombinants consistently leads to stable expression of the HBV envelope, nucleocapsid, and polymerase proteins [23].
• Cell lines 1D4 and 3E1, respectively, secreted immunoglobulin G1 herpes simplex virus type 1 and immunoglobulin G1 herpes simplex virus type 2 antibodies which immunoprecipitated proteins designated p40 and p45 from homologous nucleocapsid preparations but precipitated no proteins from heterologous preparations [24].

Gene context of Nucleocapsid

• In conclusion, APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F but not rat APOBEC1 can downregulate the production of replication-competent hepadnaviral nucleocapsids [25].
• High level expression of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 Vif inhibits viral infectivity by modulating proteolytic processing of the Gag precursor at the p2/nucleocapsid processing site [26].
• Transcription of Ebola virus (EBOV)-specific mRNA is driven by the nucleocapsid proteins NP, VP35, and L [27].
• Furthermore, we found that Hsp60 did not encapsidate into nucleocapsids [28].
• The product nucleocapsids formed with three mutants, NP114, NP121, and NP126, however, did not serve as templates for further amplification in vivo, while NP107, NP108, and NP111 were nearly like wild-type NP in vivo [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Nucleocapsid

• Site-directed mutagenesis was used to replace the lysine residues of the avian retrovirus nucleocapsid protein pp 12 that have previously been shown to be important for RNA binding [30].
• Polysomes from SLE virus-infected cells were prepared and separated from contaminating nucleocapsid by centrifugation on discontinuous sucrose gradients [31].
• The labeled proteins were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis after immunoprecipitation with specific antisera directed against the two virion glycoproteins (E1 and E2a/E2b) and the nucleocapsid (C) protein [32].
• Electron microscopy indicated that the formation of nucleocapsids was not affected by the deletion of UL51 but that viral egress from the perinuclear space was severely compromised [33].
• Using immunoelectron microscopy, we identified the nucleocapsid (N) viral protein as a component of both the tight-coil and tortuous nucleocapsids, whereas the matrix (M) protein was found only on tortuous nucleocapsids [34].

References