Disease relevance of proglumide

• A full-length cDNA clone encoding cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS), expressed in roots and root nodules of soybean, was isolated by direct complementation of an Escherichia coli gln A- mutant [1].
• Activation of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhizobium meliloti nitrogenase promoters by gln (ntr) regulatory proteins [2].
• We have studied the expression, in different Escherichia coli gln (ntr) mutants, of fusions (constructed in vitro) of the nifHDK (nitrogenase) promoters from Klebsiella pneumoniae and Rhizobium meliloti to E. coli lacZ [2].
• In the other patient, Hb Camden (beta-131 gln leads to glu) was identified, and the hematologic findings also indicated that he has alpha-thalassemia trait [3].
• Surface structure of virions budding from L1210(V) gln- mouse leukemia cells [4].

High impact information on proglumide

• In K. pneumoniae, the ntr (gln) genes concerned with regulation of nitrogen metabolism control expression of the nifLA operon whose products act as repressor (nifL) and activator (nifA) of the seven other nif transcriptional units [5].
• The gln-gamma gene, encoding the gamma subunit of glutamine synthetase in French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), is strongly induced during nodule development [6].
• The gln-gamma gene, which specifies the gamma subunit of glutamine synthetase in Phaseolus vulgaris L., has been isolated and the regulatory properties of its promoter region analyzed in transgenic Lotus corniculatus plants [7].
• A 2-kilobase fragment from the 5'-flanking region of gln-gamma conferred a strongly nodule-enhanced pattern of expression on the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene [7].
• Derepression of the R. meliloti nifH::lacZ fusion, but not the K. pneumoniae nifH::lacZ fusion, can be mediated by the glnG (ntrC) gene product, suggesting that the gln regulatory genes might directly regulate the symbiotic nitrogen fixation genes in Rhizobium [2].

Chemical compound and disease context of proglumide

• Glutamic acid 461 of beta-galactosidase (E. coli) was replaced by gln using site-directed mutagenesis [8].
• The electrophoretically fast-moving hemoglobin variant Hb Camden [beta131 (H9) gln leads to glu] has been found in a middle-aged female suffering from pulmonary disease, and Hb Hope [beta136 (H14) gly leads to asp] which migrates just ahead and very close to Hb A was present in a young obstetrical patient with a mild hemolytic anemia [9].

Biological context of proglumide

• The differential translation (glu/gln) of UAR codons, the monophyly of the Oligohymenophorea, and the common evolutionary origin of glutamate and glutamine suggest that deviant genetic codes of present-day oligohymenophoreans could have the same origin [10].
• Nucleotide sequence of the structural genes for the mitochondrial cys, lys, gln and leu-tRNAs from the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis K8 [11].
• In HLMC preparations expressing beta2-adrenoceptors with gln (wild-type) or glu (mutant) at position 27, desensitization was 65 +/- 5% (n = 25) or 28 +/- 7% (n = 17), respectively, whereas the desensitization was 61 +/- 5% (n = 30) for heterozygotes at this position [12].
• The Drosophila gene has three introns: one immediately following the initiation codon, one between amino acids 26 and 27 (gln and phe), and one between amino acids 64 and 65 (glu and val) [13].
• Complementation analysis was performed with lambda gln derivatives containing point mutations which conferred a Gln- or Reg- phenotype [14].

Anatomical context of proglumide

• Coupled to a role in ammoniagenesis the brush border enzyme appears to play a role in the reabsorption of filtered gln [15].
• In murine hybridomas, a higher concentration of gly-gln is required to obtain comparable cell growth to ala-gln or gln-based cultures [16].

Gene context of proglumide

• Both tumors were found to be mutated in the 61st N-ras codon from gln to his [17].
• All three gln regulatory genes were constitutively expressed at a low level, i.e. their expression was independent of the nitrogen status and the RNA polymerase sigma factor sigma 54 [18].
• Cytotoxic necrotizing factor type 2 produced by pathogenic Escherichia coli deamidates a gln residue in the conserved G-3 domain of the rho family and preferentially inhibits the GTPase activity of RhoA and rac1 [19].
• The secondary structures of the cAMP receptor protein (CRP), a complex of CRP and cAMP, and a cAMP-independent receptor protein mutant (CRP*141 gln) were examined by using Raman spectroscopy [20].
• Since glnA transcription was restored in the Gln- mutants containing the complementing DNA, the gln mutations appear to lie in one or more closely linked genes that are required for glnA transcription in S. coelicolor [21].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of proglumide

• Improved glutaminate-starch-penicillin agar for the isolation and enumeration of Aeromonas hydrophila from seawater by membrane filtration [22].

References