Disease relevance of lysine

• Each of 23 EBV isolates analyzed from this population were also mutated in the EBNA4 416-424 epitope, the mutations selectively involving one of the two anchor residues in positions 2 (417 val-leu) or 9 (424 lys-asp, -arg or -thr) that are critical for A11-peptide interaction [1].
• A model for the structure and expression of the colicin E1 operon is proposed in which the cea and lys genes are expressed from a single inducible promoter that is controlled by the lexA repressor in response to the SOS system of Escherichia coli [2].
• To test the mutagenic and lethal effects of mate infusion, caffeine, hyperthermia, and their combinations, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an eucaryotic model system measuring lys to LYS reversions [3].
• Various types of plaque-forming or defective phages which transduce hisA or lys marker at considerably high frequencies were thus obtained [4].
• A chromosomal segment containing several genetic markers, from metB to thyA, near the replication terminus is associated with the membranous structure of Bacillus subtilis, but markers adjacent to this region, lys, ura, and metC, are not [5].

High impact information on lysine

• The mutation resulted in a single amino acid substitution of glu to lys at residue 227 of the alpha 3 domain [6].
• Replacement of lys 622 in the ATP binding domain of P100gag-mil abolishes the in vitro autophosphorylation of the protein and the biological properties of the v-mil oncogene of MH2 virus [7].
• The results suggest that a serine protease with lys and arg ester bond specificity is involved in the control of sperm motility [8].
• We analyzed the structural and functional relationships among independently cloned segments of the plasmid ColE1 region that regulates and codes for colicin E1 (cea), immunity (imm), and the mitomycin C-induced lethality function (lys) [2].
• On the basis of physiological properties, restriction endonuclease mapping, and DNA sequence analysis, the following recombinant plasmids were determined to represent three major functional classes: pNP12 (cea+, imm+, lys+), pNP4 (cea+, imm+, lys-), and pNP6 (cea+, imm-, lys-) [2].

Chemical compound and disease context of lysine

• Microbiology, safety, and pharmacokinetics of aztreonam lysinate for inhalation in patients with cystic fibrosis [9].
• Hybrid plasmids which complement E. coli mutants for arg, his, lys, met, pdx, pyr and thr markers were identified from the gene bank [10].
• In this study, heifers (n = 100) were assigned randomly to one of two groups: one group was treated i.m. with 5 mg ibuprofen lysinate kg(-1) body weight 1 h before embryo transfer and a control group received vehicle only [11].
• The establishment of an artificial endoassociation between Escherichia coli (JC 5466, trp, his, recA 56, lac delta X 74, SpcR, harbouring the plasmid pRD1 which confers on it the capacity to produce penicillinase), and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (3.2, a, ade, ura, lys) was carried out in order to study its behaviour and stability [12].

Biological context of lysine

• Our results have established the order, boundaries, and relative orientation of the three structural genes, the location of the promoter region for imm gene transcription, and the predicted amino acid sequences of the imm and lys gene products [2].
• Red cell survival was measured in ten subjects with S-C disease and one with S-O Arab (alpha 2 beta 2-121 glu yields lys) disease using both DF32p and 51Cr as tags [13].
• Exogenous lysine is the regulatory signal for lys gene expression and specifically serves as a ligand for LysM by altering its DNA binding affinity [14].
• Nucleotide sequence of the structural genes for the mitochondrial asp, lys, ser-tRNAs from chicken [15].
• This new gene of Mu has been named 'lig'. A 5 kb fragment responsible for the reported effects and localized between genes gam and lys of Mu genome has been cloned in pBR322 [16].

Anatomical context of lysine

• When the resulting chimera (lys/MPR) was transiently expressed in COS cells or stably expressed in CV1 cells, it had a predominantly intracellular distribution in the trans-Golgi region, with less than 10% present on the surface [17].
• In contrast, a similar chimera containing the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of the low density lipoprotein receptor (lys/LDLR) was localized to the plasma membrane, even though it endocytoses efficiently [17].
• Bm lys gene expression was constitutive in fat body, cuticular epidermal tissue and at a very low level in hemocytes [18].
• On the other hand, the putative phi g1e lys product (lysin) of 48.4 kDa shows significant similarity with presumed muramidase, known as a cell wall peptidoglycandegrading enzyme, encoded by the Lactobacillus phage mv1 and phi adh, the Lactococcus lactis phage phi LC3, and the Streptococcus pneumoniae phages Cp-1, Cp-7 and Cp-9 [19].
• To identify DNA regulatory elements and transcription factors mediating the commitment of progenitor cells to the serous cell lineage, we have characterized the regulatory activity and DNA-protein interactions of the 5'-flanking region of the bovine lysozyme gene lys 5a [20].

Associations of lysine with other chemical compounds

• ATP-driven proton pumping activity is lost with the substitution of lys, ile, val, or glu for arginine 210 [21].
• Both of the genes from Blackhawk contained length polymorphisms that result in omission of some of the repeat units (pro pro val tyr lys) from the proteins [22].
• Most H1 histones contain repeated motifs in their C-terminal domain, and these form part of an octapeptide (ser pro lys lys ala lys lys pro) that is highly conserved in many H1 histone proteins [23].
• Analysis of each point mutation by marker rescue demonstrated that mutations gly to asp at residue 80, pro to phe at 458, lys to asn at 484, and ile to val at 485 conferred the resistance phenotype, while the mutation changing ser to leu at 176 did not affect the rifampicin phenotype [24].
• Bioavailability of racemic ibuprofen and its lysinate from suppositories in rabbits [25].

Gene context of lysine

• An asn to lys polymorphism in the third intracellular loop of the human alpha 2A-adrenergic receptor imparts enhanced agonist-promoted Gi coupling [26].
• We have purified peptides matching the highly conserved motif Pro-X-(Asp/glu)-X-X-(Lys/Arg)-X-(Arg/lys) (X is an unspecified amino acid) of the triplicate gene structure sequence of the beef heart PTP [27].
• Nucleotide sequencing of a 1,735-bp DNA fragment revealed two adjacent coding regions of 342 bp (hol) and 951 bp (lys) in the same reading frame which appear to belong to a common transcriptional unit [28].
• We find that one substitution mutation (lys 61 to glu) alters the selectivity of VDAC [29].
• Based on the comparison of the B. subtilis lysA sequence with a sequence of the DAP-decarboxylase gene cloned into pUB110 (Yamamoto et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 17, 10105 (1989], it was found that the lys gene in the plasmid was fused with the dnaN gene in its COOH-terminal region [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of lysine

• The glu80 to lys mutation results in a transport-defective phenotype and a mature protein that migrates abnormally slowly on nonreduced SDS-PAGE, but normally under reducing conditions; this was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis and expression in vitro [31].
• Northern blot analysis of total RNA isolated 30 min after heat induction of Mu cts lysogens demonstrated that the full-length lys and P transcripts were approximately 7.6 and 6.3 kb long, respectively [32].
• Only non-O-glycosylated N-POMC1-77 and O-glycosylated N-POMC1-77 with truncated oligosaccharide sidechains were sensitive to cleavage and generated predominantly lys-gamma 3-melanotropin, identified by high-performance liquid chromatography [33].
• The lysin-encoding lys gene was verified by PCR amplification from the total phage DNA and subcloned [34].
• It is shown here by functional studies and by immunoblotting with anti-PLP antibodies that transmembrane gradients of anions determine the availability of a 35-kD fragment lys residue to surface labeling by PLP, in analogy with their effects on labeling of 65-kD fragment by DS [35].

References