Disease relevance of Ethylmethylacetic acid

• Stereoselectivity in the 2-methylbutyrate incorporation into anteiso fatty acids in Bacillus subtilis mutants [1].

High impact information on Ethylmethylacetic acid

• The 4 and 5 carbon esters of 1-methyl-4-piperidinol were specific for butyrylcholinesterase and cleaved in the rank order n-valerate > n-butyrate >> 2-methylbutyrate, iso-valerate [2].
• One is a nonaketide that undergoes cyclization to a hexahydronaphthalene ring system and the other is a simple diketide, 2-methylbutyrate [3].
• At the onset of nonculturability, 2-methylbutyric acid was produced via hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-coenzyme A (CoA) and acetyl-CoA, along with ATP and oxidation/reduction precursors [4].
• Hydrolysis of the mevinolinic acid and isolation of the products showed that [1-14C]acetate and [methyl-14C]methionine were incorporated into the 2-methylbutyric acid side chain as well as into the main (alcohol) portion of the molecule [5].
• The propionyl-CoA condensing enzyme which catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of 2-methylbutyrate and 2-methylvalerate by Ascaris muscle appears to exist in at least three forms in the mitochondria of this parasitic nematode [6].

Biological context of Ethylmethylacetic acid

• In contrast, after ecdysis, the L4 larvae begin to utilize glucose at a greater rate and the proportion of total carbon utilized which is accounted for as propionate, 2-methylbutyrate and 2-methylvalerate also increases [7].
• However, the substitution of A. suum mitochondrial membranes for rat liver membranes stimulated 2-methylbutyrate formation, emphasizing the differences in electron-transport in these two organelles [8].
• Eight rumen-fistulated Holstein cows, averaging 77 d postpartum, were used in a replicated 4 X 4 Latin square design with 28-d periods to investigate the effect of ammonium salts of isobutyrate, 2-methylbutyrate, isovalerate, and n-valerate on animal performance and their possible mechanism(s) and site(s) of action [9].
• In previous studies ammonium salts of a mixture of isobutyrate, 2-methylbutyrate, isovalerate, and valerate were fed in a corn silage, corn, corn gluten meal, and urea diet to Holstein cows throughout lactation to define the optimum level of ammonium salts of milk production [10].

Anatomical context of Ethylmethylacetic acid

• In fact, incubations of A. suum mitochondrial membranes with electron-transfer flavoprotein, 2-methylbutyryl CoA dehydrogenase, 2-methylcrotonyl CoA and NADH resulted in a substantial, rotenone-sensitive, 2-methylbutyrate synthesis [11].
• Rat liver mitochondria, incubated under similar conditions, did not catalyze 2-methylbutyrate formation [8].

Associations of Ethylmethylacetic acid with other chemical compounds

• 2-Methylacetoacetyl-CoA and 3-keto-2-methyl pentanoyl-CoA have been proposed to be intermediates in the synthesis of 2-methylbutyrate and 2-methylvalerate, respectively, by Ascaris lumbricoides muscle [12].
• However, incubations of intact Ascaris mitochondria with pyruvate plus succinate yielded 2-methylbutyrate and 2-methylvalerate, whereas incubations with pyruvate plus propionate yielded almost exclusively 2-methylvalerate [13].
• Muscle perfused in the presence of leucine accumulated ketoleucine (2-ketoisocaproate) and isovalerate, while perfusion with isoleucine resulted in ketoisoleucine (2-keto-3-methylvalerate) and 2-methylbutyrate [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ethylmethylacetic acid

• Combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry showed that Cl. difficile produced an unusual metabolite, 2-methylbutyric acid, in vitro and in vivo [15].

References