Disease relevance of Silage

• A commercial grass silage starter strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was transformed by high-frequency electroporation with plasmids containing an alpha-amylase gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus and an endoglucanase gene from Clostridium thermocellum [1].
• Lactobacillus diolivorans sp. nov., a 1,2-propanediol-degrading bacterium isolated from aerobically stable maize silage [2].
• Six 300-kg steers were each fed a 70% cracked corn plus corn silage diet at two levels of intake above maintenance with and without 3 mg monensin/kg.75 body weight (W.75) [3].
• Lactating dairy cows prepared with rumen fistulas were fed on grass silage and concentrates and used in two experiments to compare the effects of sodium acetate and sodium chloride infused over 3 h into the rumen on the voluntary intake of silage [4].
• Three calves born from the untreated dams on barley silage died from nutritional muscular dystrophy by 50 days of age whereas none of the calves either from the untreated cows on oat silage or from any of the selenium/vitamin E treated cows [5].

High impact information on Silage

• Phylogenetic diversity of lactic acid bacteria associated with paddy rice silage as determined by 16S ribosomal DNA analysis [6].
• Acetic acid increases stability of silage under aerobic conditions [7].
• During the series of five experiments, each of which comprised 50 treatments, there was a steady increase in the amount of lactate that accumulated; the best treatment combination was that used in the last experiment, which produced 4.6 times more lactate than the untreated silage [8].
• Mycophenolic acid in silage [9].
• The fungal population was observed in the rumen, duodenum, cecum, and rectum and varied with diet; it was most abundant with lucerne hay alone and with corn silage plus monensin [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Silage

• No differences were observed for body weight change, body condition score, and serum urea nitrogen concentration, but serum glucose concentration increased with increasing dietary proportion of ryegrass silage [11].
• Three groups of 6 cows each were fed primarily a corn silage diet characterized by 1) clean silage (stored in an uncontaminated silo), 2) silage stored in a silo coated with a sealant containing Aroclor 1254, and 3) clean silage to which 200 mg Aroclor 1254 per head daily was added (approximately 2 to 3 mg/kg body weight per day) [12].
• Listeria counts were highly correlated to silage pH (r = 0.92), the concentration of lactic acid (r = -0.80) and the pooled amount of undissociated acids (r = -0.83) [13].
• Feeding silage with high butyric acid content increases the risk of subclinical ketosis [14].

Biological context of Silage

• Sodium bicarbonate for early lactation cows fed corn silage or hay crop silage-based diets [15].
• Daily urinary excretion of acetate and propionate was determined for 13 Holstein cows fed for ad libitum consumption a 40% soy-corn concentrate: 60% corn silage diet prepartum and 60% concentrate: 40% silage diet postpartum [16].
• Pregnant mature beef cows more than 6 mo from parturition were fed whole plant corn silage from either a silo (contaminated) that had been coated with a plastic containing polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) or from a silo (clean) that had not been coated with the plastic [17].
• Ten cows were fed hay, six fed corn silage with one vitamin E injection, and six fed corn silage with no injection beginning with the 6th mo of gestation [18].
• Voluntary feed intake, acid-base balance and partitioning of urinary nitrogen in lambs fed corn silage with added sodium bicarbonate or sodium sesquicarbonate [19].

Anatomical context of Silage

• Addition of ammonia to barley silage increased ruminal concentrations of ammonia and propionate, and supplies of nonammonia N, microbial N, and total N to the small intestine [20].
• The digestion of the two silages and the effect of supplemental N as urea or urea plus soya-bean meal on the digestion of the treated silage was studied using sheep fitted with a rumen cannula and re-entrant cannulas in the proximal duodenum and distal ileum [21].
• Blood serum tocopherol levels in calves born from cows winter fed hay or grass silage [22].
• Seasonal variations in beta carotene intake and low levels of beta carotene and vitamin A in blood plasma were found in cows fed ration based mainly on maize silage [23].

Associations of Silage with chemical compounds

• Net absorption of ammonia N, urea N, glucose, L-lactate, and volatile fatty acids was measured in four Hereford x Angus steers fed ad libitum orchard grass-clover silage [24].
• Portal blood flow was slower (P less than 0.05), net ammonia N absorption was greater (P less than 0.05), and net absorption of L-lactate and propionate was lesser (P less than 0.10) when steers were fed silage than when they were fed 92% concentrate [24].
• Feeding of maize silage was clearly reflected in the delta13C of muscle, with each 10% difference in the dietary C4 carbon intake resulting in a 0.9 to 1.0 per thousand shift of delta13C in lipid-free muscle and a 1.0 to 1.2 per thousand in lipid [25].
• A xylitol-producer yeast isolated from corn silage and designated as ASM III was selected based on its outstanding biotechnological potential [26].
• Feeding experiments with four young animals were performed using C3 and C4 plants (grass, maize silage, hay, etc.) over a time period of about 280 days [27].

Gene context of Silage

• Changes in consecutive estimates of milk progesterone concentrations and serum steroid hormone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations in the postpartum period were examined in Finnish Ayrshire and Friesian dairy cows which were divided according to feeding into a hay group and a silage group [28].
• Although interoperonic 16S rRNA gene length polymorphisms were detected in some isolates, strain analysis showed that most of the lactic acid bacteria species thriving in silage could be discriminated by this method [29].
• Replacing silage with straw increased ADF intake (P<.05) and resulted in 1-h/d increase in rumination time (P<.05) [30].
• Evaluation of the physical structure of fodder beets, potatoes, pressed beet pulp, brewers grains, and corn cob silage [31].
• The data also suggest that due to an inadequate nutrient supply, the GH-IGF-1 regulatory mechanism was uncoupled in the cattle fed on silage, which may have contributed to the poor growth response of these animals [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Silage

• Six steers fitted with ruminal, duodenal, and ileal cannulas were fed diets containing corn silage and high-moisture corn supplemented with urea, soybean meal (SBM), dry corn gluten feed (DCGF), a combination of corn gluten meal and blood meal (CB), or SBM and DCGF in combination with CB [33].
• Construction and use of a computerized DNA fingerprint database for lactic acid bacteria from silage [34].
• Levamisole was administered to group I calves in the drinking water, to group II calves by subcutaneous injection, and to Group III calves by feeding alfalfa pellets mixed in corn silage; group IV calves were nontreated controls [35].
• Animals had ad libitum access to corn silage, with or without 100 mg monensin head-1.d-1, in a two-period crossover design [36].
• Influence of the addition of urea to a low-protein diet on plasma amino acids and other metabolites in growing bulls fed sugar beet silage [37].

References