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ME3  -  malic enzyme 3, NADP(+)-dependent,...

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: Malic enzyme 3, NADP-ME, NADP-dependent malic enzyme, mitochondrial
 
 
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Disease relevance of ME3

  • In the present work, the expression in E. coli of a cDNA encoding for a maize non-photosynthetic NADP-ME is presented [1].
 

High impact information on ME3

  • This was due to lower N content in NADP-ME than NAD-ME leaves because neither assimilation rates nor plant dry mass differed significantly between the two C4 subtypes [2].
  • In 2 NAD-ME (Panicum miliaceum and Panicum coloratum) and 2 NADP-ME (Sorghum bicolor and Cenchrus ciliaris) grasses, 30% of leaf N was allocated to thylakoids and 5% to 9% to amino acids and nitrate [2].
  • Relative to NAD-ME, NADP-ME leaves had greater in vivo (assimilation rate per Rubisco catalytic sites) and in vitro Rubisco turnover rates (k(cat); 3.8 versus 5.7 s(-1) at 25 degrees C) [2].
  • Finally, abscisic acid induced the expression of PEPC and NADP-ME in a manner similar to temperature induction, except that the activities of both PEPC isoforms were increased [3].
  • When the total amounts of GDC in the BS mitochondria per unit leaf width were estimated from the immunogold labeling density and the quantity of mitochondria, the BSs of NADP-ME species contained less GDC than those of NAD-ME or PCK species [4].
 

Biological context of ME3

  • NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) is a widely distributed enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of L-malate [5].
  • To study the control of enhanced synthesis of enzymes associated with C4 photosynthesis relative to non-C4 plants, we investigated the expression of NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME) in different photosynthetic types of Flaveria [6].
  • A full-length ORF encoding a plastidic NADP-ME (almost identical to the maize root NADP-ME, GenBank accession number U39958) was cloned from a root cDNA library as well as isolated by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR using green leaves mRNA as template [7].
  • Moreover, the high cytoplasmic MDH enzyme activity and the strong stimulation of NADP-ME activity exhibited by CO2-treated fruit could be contributing factors in the maintenance of fruit energy metabolism, pH stability, and the promotion of synthesis of defense compounds that prevent or repair damage caused by chilling temperature [8].
  • In this study, we investigated the NADP-ME gene family in a model C3 monocot plant (rice, Oryza sativa) based on its recently released genomic DNA sequence [9].
 

Anatomical context of ME3

  • It is deduced that the induction of housekeeping genes, like non-photosynthetic NADP-ME, whose constitutive role may be the provision of reductive power in non-photosynthetic plastids, is likely to accompany the defence response [7].
  • In the NADP-ME species E. frumentacea, PEP-CK is also located in the cytosol of BS cells, NAD-ME is very low, and the source of ATP to support PEP-CK is not established [10].
 

Associations of ME3 with chemical compounds

  • A second NADP-ME isoform predominates in maize roots and exhibits distinct C3-like enzymatic characteristics [11].
  • In maize, an NADP-ME type C4 plant, the most abundant NADP-ME form is the chloroplastic leaf isoform that delivers CO2 intracellularly to ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase (RuBPCase) [11].
  • To study the molecular basis of this metabolic transition, the expression of NADP(+)-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME), which catalyzes the decarboxylation of malate to release pyruvate and CO2, has been investigated [12].
  • NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) may be important in supplying both carbon and NADPH for fatty acid biosynthesis in the developing endosperm of the oilseed Ricinus communis [13].
  • Effectors of castor NADP-ME are typical of the NADP-malic enzymes, with the exception of acetyl-CoA and its derivatives, which were found to act as activators [13].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ME3

  • Immunocytochemical studies by electron microscopy showed that maize NADP-ME was mostly localized in chloroplasts in transgenic rice plants, and that the chloroplasts were agranal without thylakoid stacking [14].
  • Using RT-PCR, we also show that the messages encoding the C4 and C3-like NADP-ME isoforms are differentially regulated with respect to the developmental stage of the leaf, light conditions, and tissue type [11].
  • The primary structure of NADP-dependent malic enzyme (NADP-ME) of the dicotyledonous C4 plant Flaveria trinervia was determined from sequence analysis of a cDNA clone containing the complete coding region [15].
  • Genomic Southern-blot analysis of ice-plant DNA indicates that NADP-ME is encoded by a small gene family [12].

References

  1. Maize recombinant non-C4 NADP-malic enzyme: a novel dimeric malic enzyme with high specific activity. Saigo, M., Bologna, F.P., Maurino, V.G., Detarsio, E., Andreo, C.S., Drincovich, M.F. Plant Mol. Biol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  2. Faster Rubisco is the key to superior nitrogen-use efficiency in NADP-malic enzyme relative to NAD-malic enzyme C4 grasses. Ghannoum, O., Evans, J.R., Chow, W.S., Andrews, T.J., Conroy, J.P., von Caemmerer, S. Plant Physiol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  3. Induction of a C(4)-like mechanism of CO(2) fixation in Egeria densa, a submersed aquatic species. Casati, P., Lara, M.V., Andreo, C.S. Plant Physiol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  4. Structural and biochemical bases of photorespiration in C4 plants: quantification of organelles and glycine decarboxylase. Yoshimura, Y., Kubota, F., Ueno, O. Planta (2004) [Pubmed]
  5. NADP-malic enzyme from plants: a ubiquitous enzyme involved in different metabolic pathways. Drincovich, M.F., Casati, P., Andreo, C.S. FEBS Lett. (2001) [Pubmed]
  6. Isolation and characterization of cDNA clones for NADP-malic enzyme from leaves of Flaveria: transcript abundance distinguishes C3, C3-C4 and C4 photosynthetic types. Rajeevan, M.S., Bassett, C.L., Hughes, D.W. Plant Mol. Biol. (1991) [Pubmed]
  7. Non-photosynthetic 'malic enzyme' from maize: a constituvely expressed enzyme that responds to plant defence inducers. Maurino, V.G., Saigo, M., Andreo, C.S., Drincovich, M.F. Plant Mol. Biol. (2001) [Pubmed]
  8. Malate metabolism and adaptation to chilling temperature storage by pretreatment with high CO2 levels in Annona cherimola fruit. Maldonado, R., Sanchez-Ballesta, M.T., Alique, R., Escribano, M.I., Merodio, C. J. Agric. Food Chem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  9. Four rice genes encoding NADP malic enzyme exhibit distinct expression profiles. Chi, W., Yang, J., Wu, N., Zhang, F. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. (2004) [Pubmed]
  10. Functional characterization of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase-type C4 leaf anatomy: immuno-, cytochemical and ultrastructural analyses. Voznesenskaya, E.V., Franceschi, V.R., Chuong, S.D., Edwards, G.E. Ann. Bot. (2006) [Pubmed]
  11. Maize C4 and non-C4 NADP-dependent malic enzymes are encoded by distinct genes derived from a plastid-localized ancestor. Tausta, S.L., Coyle, H.M., Rothermel, B., Stiefel, V., Nelson, T. Plant Mol. Biol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  12. Characterization and expression of a NADP-malic enzyme cDNA induced by salt stress from the facultative crassulacean acid metabolism plant, Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Cushman, J.C. Eur. J. Biochem. (1992) [Pubmed]
  13. Characterization of NADP-dependent malic enzyme from developing castor oil seed endosperm. Shearer, H.L., Turpin, D.H., Dennis, D.T. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (2004) [Pubmed]
  14. Aberrant chloroplasts in transgenic rice plants expressing a high level of maize NADP-dependent malic enzyme. Takeuchi, Y., Akagi, H., Kamasawa, N., Osumi, M., Honda, H. Planta (2000) [Pubmed]
  15. Primary structure of NADP-dependent malic enzyme in the dicotyledonous C4 plant Flaveria trinervia. Börsch, D., Westhoff, P. FEBS Lett. (1990) [Pubmed]
 
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