Disease relevance of ZP1

• Similar high volumetric yields were also achieved for human growth hormone and for recombinant bonnet monkey zona pellucida glycoprotein expressed as inclusion bodies in E. coli [1].

High impact information on ZP1

• To initiate fertilization, mouse sperm bind to Ser- (O-) linked oligosaccharides located at the sperm combining site of zona pellucida glycoprotein mZP3 [2].
• Each zona pellucida glycoprotein is synthesized in growing oocytes and traffics through the endomembrane system to the cell surface, where it is released from a transmembrane domain and assembled into the insoluble zona pellucida matrix [3].
• The three glycoproteins, ZP1, ZP2, and ZP3, that comprise the zp have been characterized from many species and assigned different roles in gamete interaction [4].
• Recently, the hamster sperm receptor, a 56,000 Mr zona pellucida glycoprotein called hZP3, was identified and partially characterized (C. C. Moller et al., (1990). Dev. Biol. 137, 276-286) [5].
• We have identified a 26-kDa (P26h) epididymal hamster sperm glycoprotein with a species-specific affinity for zona pellucida glycoprotein [6].

Biological context of ZP1

• In addition, the mouse and human ZP1 genes are in a region of conserved synteny between human chromosome 11 and mouse chromosome 19 [7].
• Comparison of the human ZP1 and murine Zp1 genes indicates significant conservation of nucleotide and amino acid sequences, of intron-exon size and organisation, and of regulatory sequences [7].
• In a previous article, we suggested that gp273, the ligand molecule for sperm-egg interaction in the bivalve mollusk Unio elongatulus has functional carbohydrate epitopes in common with a human zona pellucida glycoprotein, probably ZP3 [8].
• Tyrosine phosphorylation of a 95 kDa protein and induction of the acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa by recombinant human zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 [9].
• As previously observed for methylated ZP1 sensors, methylation of the 6-position of the pyridyl ring diminishes the emission by lowering both the molar extinction coefficient and the quantum yield [10].

Anatomical context of ZP1

• Silver-stained 2-D-SDS-PAGE analysis of ZP components from unfertilized oocytes revealed the presence of four protein trains: ZP1 (Mr = 92-80 kDa, pl = 4.9-5.9), ZP2 (Mr = 66-58 kDa, pl = 5.0-6.0), ZP3H (high) (Mr = 72-58 kDa, pl = 3.5-5.1), and ZP3L (low) (Mr = 62-54 kDa, pl = 3.5-5.1) [11].
• Surprisingly, the role of the polypeptide backbone of zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 (ZP3), the putative ligand for spermatozoa activation, has been largely overlooked [12].
• Recombinant human zona pellucida glycoprotein 3 induces calcium influx and acrosome reaction in human spermatozoa [13].
• Immunocytochemical localization of an oviductal zona pellucida glycoprotein in the oviductal epithelium of the golden hamster [14].

Associations of ZP1 with chemical compounds

• In each of these ZinAlkylPyr (ZAP) analogues, an alkyl group (methyl, benzyl) replaces one of the metal-binding picolyl moieties in ZP1 [10].
• The tertiary amine groups in ZAP1-3 are less basic than those in ZP1, which implies that the additional pyridine rings are responsible for the emissive response to Zn(2+) at pH 7.0 [10].
• The molecules discussed include serum albumin, hydrolytic enzymes (particularly proteases); hormones including biogenic amines, estradiol, and arachidonic acid metabolites; sulfur-containing beta-amino acids; glycosaminoglycans such as hyaluronic acid; and a zona pellucida glycoprotein [15].

Physical interactions of ZP1

• MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Zona pellucida glycoprotein binding to proacrosin/acrosin; estimation of binding affinity [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ZP1

• METHODS:: We describe a FC method able to estimate intracellular zinc ion availability and the intracellular capability to activate a zinc signal after treatment with an NO-donor (AcOM-DEA/NO) in human PBMCs, using the fluorescent zinc-specific probe, Zinpyr-1 (ZP1), alone or in association with CD4-PE and CD8-Cychrome mAb [17].

References