Disease relevance of REXO2

• Of the sandfly fever viruses known to be human pathogens (serotypes Toscana [TOS], Sicilian [SFS], and Naples [SFN]), only TOS has demonstrated neurotropic activity [1].
• BACKGROUND AND AIM: Recently we found that small fiber neuropathy (SFN) occurs frequently in sarcoidosis [2].
• RESULTS: Both the NPEA and NPEL estimates of SFN and diabetic neuropathy group differed significantly from those of control specimen (p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, Mann-Whitney test) [3].
• SETTING: Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan. OBJECTIVE: To assess the efficacy and safety of a fixed-dose combination (FDC) of Rifater (RFT)/Rifinah (RFN) in the treatment of newly diagnosed smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis [4].
• We report a case of SFN with an unusual clinical presentation, complicated by hypercalcemia [5].

Psychiatry related information on REXO2

• We also demonstrate that Orn can degrade short DNA oligos in addition to its activity on RNA oligos, similar to what was documented for Sfn. pAp was shown to accumulate as a result of inhibition of the pAp-degrading enzyme by lithium, widely used to treat bipolar disorder, thus its regulatory targets are of significant medical interest [6].

High impact information on REXO2

• Intracutaneous electrical stimulation of C-fibers and scanning the flare with LDI is a sensitive tool to reliably detect small fiber impairment in diabetic SFN subjects and even increased neuropeptide release in NO-Ns [7].
• In comparing patients with SFN to control subjects, we found that SFN flare size but not the intensity of vasodilation (flux) was reduced on the feet (P < 0.001) and thighs (P < 0.007) [7].
• Co-treatment with the dietary isothiocyanate, sulforaphane (SFN, 1-10 micro M), or the flavonoid, quercetin (5-20 micro M), significantly reduced the level of PhIP-DNA adducts in a dose-dependent manner [8].
• SFN and quercetin showed no effect on DNA repair, neither in terms of the level of PhIP-DNA adducts, when cells were treated with phytochemicals after the carcinogen exposure, nor the regulation of mRNA expression of two DNA repair enzymes, apurinic endonuclease and DNA polymerase beta [8].
• In contrast, SFN induced phase II detoxification enzymes, UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 and glutathione S-transferase A1 mRNA expression [8].

Biological context of REXO2

• Involvement of human small fragment nuclease in the resistance of human cells to UV-C-induced cell death [9].
• We have examined whether modulation of human SFN gene expression affects cell survival capacity against UV-C-induced cell death, analyzing colony survival ability in UV-C-sensitive human RSa cells treated with short double-stranded RNA (siRNA) specific for SFN messenger RNA (mRNA) [9].

Anatomical context of REXO2

• The formation of PhIP-DNA adducts in human hepatocytes was also dose-dependent with PhIP-concentration and the levels of protection by SFN or quercetin were up to 60% after 10 nM PhIP treatment, but showed large inter-individual variation with no observed protection in some individuals [8].
• Lymphocytes from healthy individuals were cocultured at 37 degrees C for 17 hr with SFN from the patients and the number of OKT4+, OKT8+, and OKT3+ cells and the response to mitogens were determined [10].
• Neutrophils from the synovial fluid (SFN) of 10 patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were investigated to determine the generation of oxygen intermediates (OI) (O2-, H2O2, OH .), chemiluminescence, and lysosomal enzymes (lysozyme and beta-glucuronidase) [10].
• RESULTS: Mild to moderate heterogeneity of 123I-MIBG uptake regional in the myocardium was demonstrated in a substantial number of the studied sarcoidosis population, especially in those with SFN (abnormal TTT) [2].
• The aim of the study was to investigate the clinical presentation and prognosis of recurrent facial nerve palsy (RFNP) in children [11].

Associations of REXO2 with chemical compounds

• The degree of protection was dependent on PhIP concentration, i.e. after 100 pM PhIP exposure, SFN or quercetin reduced adduct levels to below the limit of detection (0.15 amol PhIP/ micro g DNA) but at higher PhIP exposure (10 nM and 1 micro M), the protection was 60 and 10%, respectively [8].
• A possible mechanisms of photovoltage generation suggests the photo-induced electron transfer from PL to RFN in liposome through the excited state molecular interaction [12].
• When poly r(A-U) was combined with riboflavin, FAD or FMN, the antiviral activity was potentiated seven- to twelve-fold at RFN (or FAD or FMN)/ribonucleotide ratios in the region of 1/4 [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of REXO2

• Northern blot analysis revealed that a 1-kilobase transcript corresponding to SFN and/or SFNalpha (these mRNAs differ by only two nucleotides) is expressed at varying levels in all fetal and adult human tissues examined [14].
• Coculture of lymphocytes with SFN resulted in a decreased number of OKT4+ and OKT8+ cells and a greatly reduced response to Con A and mildly diminished response to PHA, while OKT3+ cells were not affected [10].
• Four out of the 14 cases with abnormal MIBG scintigraphy and SFN showed an abnormal Ewing test [2].
• It was hypothesised that SFN might be related to cardiac sympathetic denervation in sarcoidosis [2].
• Quantitation of epidermal nerve fiber (ENF) density is an objective diagnostic test of small fiber neuropathy (SFN) [15].

References