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Gene Review

GJA1  -  gap junction protein, alpha 1, 43kDa

Sus scrofa

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Disease relevance of CX43

 

High impact information on CX43

  • In the present study, we have investigated the changes in the expression and distribution of the principal gap-junction channel protein in ventricular muscle, connexin 43 (Cx43), during the first 2 weeks of culturing adult guinea pig cardiomyocytes at low density to prevent formation of cellular contacts [4].
  • During the myocytes' first 48 h in culture, immunoreactive Cx43 decreased by 27.5% from control values, to 4.7 +/- 0.5% of the cells' pixel area (P < 0.01) [4].
  • Alterations in the expression of gap junction proteins have previously been observed in several diseases affecting the central nervous system; however, the status of connexin 43 (Cx43) has not yet been reported in spinal cord remyelination [1].
  • When COCs were cultured with FSH and LH for 10 h and then further cultured with additional RU486, there was a significant suppression in the shift in PR isoforms and in progesterone production, a loss of proliferative activity, and a decrease in connexin-43 mRNA in cumulus cells [5].
  • GH did not influence the expression of Has 1, Has 3, and connexin 43 in equine cumulus cells [6].
 

Biological context of CX43

 

Anatomical context of CX43

 

Associations of CX43 with chemical compounds

  • Accompanying the shift in expression of PR isoforms, progesterone production in cumulus cells was significantly increased, and both the proliferative activity of cumulus cells during a 10- to 20-h cultivation period and the level of connexin-43, a major component of the gap junction, in cumulus cells significantly decreased [5].
  • Treating cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) with LY294002 produced a significant decrease in the phosphorylation of connexin-43, a gap junctional protein, in cumulus cells compared with that in COCs cultured without LY294002 [12].
  • Blockade of p38MAPK by SB203580 attenuated the IS-reduction and the increased p38MAPK-Cx43 co-localization by IP [2].
  • To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we investigated the effects of the antiarrhythmic peptide AAP10 (GAG-4Hyp-PY-CONH2) on pairs of adult guinea pig ventricular cardiomyocytes and pairs of HeLa cells transfected with rat cardiac connexin 43 (Cx43) [13].
 

Regulatory relationships of CX43

  • When these reductions of connexin-43 were blocked by protein kinase C (PKC) or phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase inhibitor, networks of filamentous bivalents (i.e., advanced chromosomal status) were undetectable in the germinal vesicle of the oocyte [9].
 

Other interactions of CX43

  • These results suggest that the initiation of meiotic resumption, namely, the formation of networks of filamentous bivalents in germinal vesicle, is associated with the reduction of gap junctional protein connexin-43 in the outer layers of cumulus cells via the PKC and/or PI 3-kinase pathway [9].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of CX43

References

  1. Connexin 43 gap junction proteins are up-regulated in remyelinating spinal cord. Roscoe, W.A., Messersmith, E., Meyer-Franke, A., Wipke, B., Karlik, S.J. J. Neurosci. Res. (2007) [Pubmed]
  2. Ischemic preconditioning preserves connexin 43 phosphorylation during sustained ischemia in pig hearts in vivo. Schulz, R., Gres, P., Skyschally, A., Duschin, A., Belosjorow, S., Konietzka, I., Heusch, G. FASEB J. (2003) [Pubmed]
  3. Hypokalemia-induced ultrastructural, histochemical and connexin-43 alterations resulting in atrial and ventricular fibrillations. Tribulová, N., Manoach, M., Varon, D., Okruhlicová, L., Slobodová, Z., Kubovcáková, L. Gen. Physiol. Biophys. (1999) [Pubmed]
  4. Changes in the expression and distribution of connexin 43 in isolated cultured adult guinea pig cardiomyocytes. Huang, X.D., Horackova, M., Pressler, M.L. Exp. Cell Res. (1996) [Pubmed]
  5. Expression of two progesterone receptor isoforms in cumulus cells and their roles during meiotic resumption of porcine oocytes. Shimada, M., Yamashita, Y., Ito, J., Okazaki, T., Kawahata, K., Nishibori, M. J. Mol. Endocrinol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  6. Effect of growth hormone (GH) on in vitro nuclear and cytoplasmic oocyte maturation, cumulus expansion, hyaluronan synthases, and connexins 32 and 43 expression, and GH receptor messenger RNA expression in equine and porcine species. Marchal, R., Caillaud, M., Martoriati, A., Gérard, N., Mermillod, P., Goudet, G. Biol. Reprod. (2003) [Pubmed]
  7. Negative regulation of p21 by beta-catenin/TCF signaling: a novel mechanism by which cell adhesion molecules regulate cell proliferation. Kamei, J., Toyofuku, T., Hori, M. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (2003) [Pubmed]
  8. Connexin 43 gap junction protein expression during follicular development in the porcine ovary. Lenhart, J.A., Downey, B.R., Bagnell, C.A. Biol. Reprod. (1998) [Pubmed]
  9. Dynamic changes of connexin-43, gap junctional protein, in outer layers of cumulus cells are regulated by PKC and PI 3-kinase during meiotic resumption in porcine oocytes. Shimada, M., Maeda, T., Terada, T. Biol. Reprod. (2001) [Pubmed]
  10. The distribution of connexin 43 is associated with the germ cell differentiation and with the modulation of the Sertoli cell junctional barrier in continual (guinea pig) and seasonal breeders' (mink) testes. Pelletier, R.M. J. Androl. (1995) [Pubmed]
  11. Expression of connexin-26, -32, and -43 gap junction proteins in the porcine cervix and uterus during pregnancy and relaxin-induced growth. Lenhart, J.A., Ryan, P.L., Ohleth, K.M., Bagnell, C.A. Biol. Reprod. (1999) [Pubmed]
  12. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in cumulus cells and oocytes is responsible for activation of oocyte mitogen-activated protein kinase during meiotic progression beyond the meiosis I stage in pigs. Shimada, M., Terada, T. Biol. Reprod. (2001) [Pubmed]
  13. Pharmacological modification of gap junction coupling by an antiarrhythmic peptide via protein kinase C activation. Weng, S., Lauven, M., Schaefer, T., Polontchouk, L., Grover, R., Dhein, S. FASEB J. (2002) [Pubmed]
  14. Transplanted neonatal cardiomyocytes as a potential biological pacemaker in pigs with complete atrioventricular block. Cai, J., Lin, G., Jiang, H., Yang, B., Jiang, X., Yu, Q., Song, J. Transplantation (2006) [Pubmed]
  15. Expression of connexin 43 mRNA and protein in developing follicles of prepubertal porcine ovaries. Melton, C.M., Zaunbrecher, G.M., Yoshizaki, G., Patiño, R., Whisnant, S., Rendon, A., Lee, V.H. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, Biochem. Mol. Biol. (2001) [Pubmed]
 
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