High impact information on LOC397761

• During neurulation, the level of N-CAM expression in the neural ectoderm increased considerably, while remaining constant in non-neural ectoderm and diminishing in the somites; in the notochord, N-CAM was expressed transiently [1].
• With few exceptions, the tissue distributions of N-CAM and L-CAM were similar in the frog and in the chicken from early times of development [1].
• During gastrulation, N-CAM levels increased in the presumptive neural epithelium and decreased in the endoderm, but L-CAM continued to be expressed in all cells including endodermal cells [1].
• Consistent with this finding, XDmrt4 is sufficient to activate neurogenin, Xebf2, and neural cell adhesion molecule expression in animal explants and is required for Noggin-mediated neuralization [2].
• Gastrula-stage explants grafted onto noggin-expressing oocytes expressed neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and formed cement gland [3].

Biological context of LOC397761

• Developmental regulation of alternative splicing in the mRNA encoding Xenopus laevis neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) [4].
• The amino acid sequence of the signal peptide was adapted and slightly modified from the one occurring in the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM [5].
• Using specific probes the expression of different NCAM transcripts during Xenopus embryogenesis has been examined [6].
• In no X. laevis tissue examined did we detect the two additional alternatively spliced exons which are present in the MSD region of mammalian and chicken NCAM RNAs [4].
• Using microinjection of reporter gene constructions into fertilized frog eggs, we have shown that cloned copies of the NCAM promoter respond appropriately to neural induction signals [7].

Anatomical context of LOC397761

• By contrast, the neural cell adhesion molecule, NCAM, was not left behind on the substrate when the neurites were eliminated [8].
• The spatiotemporal pattern of expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule NCAM was mapped immunohistochemically in embryos of the frog Xenopus, from blastula to early swimming stages, using a polyclonal antibody that recognizes Xenopus NCAM [9].
• Ectopic expression of wild-type (WT) noggin, C174S or C197S, in Xenopus animal caps (ACs) by mRNA injection converted the explants (prospective ectoderm) into neural tissue, as indicated by the neural-like morphology and expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) in the ACs [10].
• We find that transcripts encoding the large cytoplasmic domain form of NCAM exist in maternal RNA and that these are the only significant NCAM transcripts present until late gastrula when transcripts encoding the small cytoplasmic domain form of NCAM are first detected [6].
• Changes in carbohydrate and polypeptide form of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) have been documented during the development of central nervous system tissue in both chicken and frog [11].

Associations of LOC397761 with chemical compounds

• Studies have demonstrated that a decreased sialic acid content enhances the adhesion properties of NCAM [11].
• Mice deficient in the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) exhibit increased anxiety and anxiolytic sensitivity to serotonin 5-HT1A receptor agonists [12].
• Neuronal Kir3 channels and NCAM isoforms are associated with cholesterol-rich microdomains (lipid rafts) in CHO cells and in isolated brain membranes [12].
• Thyroxine-dependent modulations of the expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis [13].
• To address this question, we examined the effects of exogenous soluble chondroitin sulfates on the growth and guidance of axons arising from a subpopulation of neurons in the vertebrate brain which express NOC-2, a novel glycoform of the neural cell adhesion molecule N-CAM [14].

Other interactions of LOC397761

• Bone morphogenetic proteins are antagonized by soluble binding proteins such as noggin and chordin, which leads to expression of neural cell adhesion molecule in animal caps [15].
• When ectoderm that is competent to be neuralized is transplanted to the region adjacent to the neural plate of early neurula embryos, it forms neural tissue, as assayed by staining with antibodies against the neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM [16].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of LOC397761

• Using a classical neural induction protocol (H. Spemann and H. Mangold (1924). Roux' Arch. Entwicklungsmech. Org. 123, 389-517), it has been demonstrated that the sustained presence of NCAM in Xenopus embryos, as detected by immunohistochemistry, was confined to the experimentally induced nervous system and the primary host nervous system [17].
• PCR analysis however, shows that both NCAM genes are expressed at similar levels throughout embryonic development and in all adult tissues examined [18].
• Northern blot analysis also indicated that this form is not expressed in adult brain, in which ld-form N-CAM is the main N-CAM expressed [19].
• These dye movements were mapped onto the neuroepithelium of the developing brain whose shape was gleaned from whole-mount in situs to neural cell adhesion molecule and dissections of the developing nervous system [20].
• Immunofluorescence and whole-mount in situ hybridization were used to study the expression of tubulin, taken to indicate an early step on the pathway of cell elongation, and neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM) taken to indicate an early step in the determination of the nervous system [21].

References