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Gene Review

hsp30e  -  heat shock protein 30E

Xenopus laevis

 
 
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Disease relevance of hsp30

 

High impact information on hsp30

  • Heat shock regulatory elements function as an inducible enhancer in the Xenopus hsp70 gene and when linked to a heterologous promoter [4].
  • Heat-shock protein synthesis can be sequentially induced and inactivated in the same oocyte over several days [5].
  • In order to understand whether different genes or different promoter elements are involved in the two types of control, several genomic clones coding for Xenopus heat-shock proteins, hsp 70 and hsp 30, were isolated, characterised and tested for expression in oocytes and COS cells [6].
  • The two isolated hsp 30 genes show 5'-flanking sequences similar to each other, except that one of them shows a homology disruption precisely around the consensus sequence element [6].
  • Heat shock therefore offers a novel approach in the manipulation and analysis of the early stages of steroid hormonal regulation of gene expression [7].
 

Biological context of hsp30

  • Finally optimal chaperone activity and secondary structure of hsp30 can be inhibited by phosphorylation or mutagenesis of the C-terminal end [8].
  • Furthermore, the family of small heat shock protein genes, hsp30, are differentially expressed after the midblastula stage as well as being regulated at the level of mRNA stability [9].
  • We employed whole-mount in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to study the spatial pattern of hsp30 gene expression in normal and heatshocked embryos during Xenopus laevis development [10].
  • Our findings revealed that hsp30 mRNA accumulation was present constitutively only in the cement gland of early and midtailbud embryos, while hsp30 protein was detected until at least the early tadpole stage [10].
  • Phosphorylation resulted in the formation of smaller multimeric hsp30 complexes and resulted in a significant loss of secondary structure [2].
 

Anatomical context of hsp30

  • The 26,000-30,000 Mr complex (hsp30/26) was present almost exclusively in a detergent-insoluble fraction, as was 25-50% of the hsp70/68 complex and greater than 50% of hsp56, suggesting that these hsps may be associated with the cytoskeleton during a heat shock [11].
  • Treatment with HDIs resulted in heat-induced expression of hsp30 genes at the gastrula stage with enhanced heat-induced accumulation in neurula and tailbud stages [12].
  • In late tailbud embryos the basic midtailbud pattern of hsp30 mRNA accumulation was enhanced with additional localization to the spinal cord as well as enrichment across the embryo surface [10].
  • Exposure of Xenopus laevis A6 kidney epithelial cells to 1 microgram/mL herbimycin A induced the synthesis of the heat shock proteins hsp30 and hsp70 as well as 33- and 45-kDa proteins [13].
  • Effect of herbimycin A on hsp30 and hsp70 heat shock protein gene expression in Xenopus cultured cells [13].
 

Associations of hsp30 with chemical compounds

  • Whole-mount in situ hybridization verified the RNA blot analyses and additionally revealed that TSA treatment did not result in any major alterations in the spatial pattern of stress-induced hsp70 or hsp30 mRNA accumulation in early embryos [12].
  • In addition, the synthesis of hsp30 and hsp70 induced by herbimycin A was accompanied by an increase in their mRNAs [13].
  • Hydrogen peroxide treatment enhanced the accumulation of hsp90, hsp70, hsp30, c-jun, c-fos, and actin mRNAs with distinct temporal patterns [14].
  • Treatment of A6 cells with SB203580, an inhibitor of the p38 MAP kinase pathway, resulted in a loss of hsp30 phosphorylation [2].
  • Furthermore, the optimal temperature of BShsp induction, temporal pattern of synthesis, and induction of BShsps by other stressors such as herbimycin A and sodium arsenite were similar to those reported for the acidic hsp30 family [15].
 

Regulatory relationships of hsp30

  • Consequently the phosphorylation-induced structural changes severely compromised the ability of hsp30 to prevent the heat-induced aggregation of citrate synthase and luciferase in vitro [2].
 

Other interactions of hsp30

  • These translationally thermotolerant cells displayed relatively high levels of the heat shock proteins hsp30, hsp70, and hsp90 compared to pretreatment at 22, 28, 30, or 35 degrees C. These studies demonstrate that Xenopus A6 cells can acquire a state of thermotolerance and that it is correlated with the synthesis of heat shock proteins [16].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of hsp30

References

  1. Preferential activation of HSF-binding activity and hsp70 gene expression in Xenopus heart after mild hyperthermia. Ali, A., Fernando, P., Smith, W.L., Ovsenek, N., Lepock, J.R., Heikkila, J.J. Cell Stress Chaperones (1997) [Pubmed]
  2. Phosphorylation-dependent structural alterations in the small hsp30 chaperone are associated with cellular recovery. Fernando, P., Megeney, L.A., Heikkila, J.J. Exp. Cell Res. (2003) [Pubmed]
  3. Molecular chaperone function of the Rana catesbeiana small heat shock protein, hsp30. Kaldis, A., Atkinson, B.G., Heikkila, J.J. Comp. Biochem. Physiol., Part A Mol. Integr. Physiol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  4. Heat shock regulatory elements function as an inducible enhancer in the Xenopus hsp70 gene and when linked to a heterologous promoter. Bienz, M., Pelham, H.R. Cell (1986) [Pubmed]
  5. The heat-shock response in Xenopus oocytes is controlled at the translational level. Bienz, M., Gurdon, J.B. Cell (1982) [Pubmed]
  6. Xenopus hsp 70 genes are constitutively expressed in injected oocytes. Bienz, M. EMBO J. (1984) [Pubmed]
  7. Transient paralysis by heat shock of hormonal regulation of gene expression. Wolffe, A.P., Perlman, A.J., Tata, J.R. EMBO J. (1984) [Pubmed]
  8. Expression and function of small heat shock protein genes during Xenopus development. Heikkila, J.J. Semin. Cell Dev. Biol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  9. Heat shock protein gene expression during Xenopus development. Heikkila, J.J., Ohan, N., Tam, Y., Ali, A. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. (1997) [Pubmed]
  10. Spatial pattern of constitutive and heat shock-induced expression of the small heat shock protein gene family, Hsp30, in Xenopus laevis tailbud embryos. Lang, L., Miskovic, D., Fernando, P., Heikkila, J.J. Dev. Genet. (1999) [Pubmed]
  11. The developmental expression of the heat-shock response in Xenopus laevis. Davis, R.E., King, M.L. Development (1989) [Pubmed]
  12. Effect of histone deacetylase inhibitors on heat shock protein gene expression during Xenopus development. Ovakim, D.H., Heikkila, J.J. Genesis (2003) [Pubmed]
  13. Effect of herbimycin A on hsp30 and hsp70 heat shock protein gene expression in Xenopus cultured cells. Briant, D., Ohan, N., Heikkila, J.J. Biochem. Cell Biol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  14. Hydrogen peroxide induces heat shock protein and proto-oncogene mRNA accumulation in Xenopus laevis A6 kidney epithelial cells. Muller, M., Gauley, J., Heikkila, J.J. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  15. Characterization of a novel group of basic small heat shock proteins in Xenopus laevis A6 kidney epithelial cells. Ohan, N.W., Tam, Y., Fernando, P., Heikkila, J.J. Biochem. Cell Biol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  16. Heat shock-induced acquisition of thermotolerance at the levels of cell survival and translation in Xenopus A6 kidney epithelial cells. Phang, D., Joyce, E.M., Heikkila, J.J. Biochem. Cell Biol. (1999) [Pubmed]
  17. Heat-shock-induced assembly of Hsp30 family members into high molecular weight aggregates in Xenopus laevis cultured cells. Ohan, N.W., Tam, Y., Heikkila, J.J. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, Biochem. Mol. Biol. (1998) [Pubmed]
  18. Intracellular localization of Xenopus small heat shock protein, hsp30, in A6 kidney epithelial cells. Gellalchew, M., Heikkila, J.J. Cell Biol. Int. (2005) [Pubmed]
  19. Involvement of differential gene expression and mRNA stability in the developmental regulation of the hsp 30 gene family in heat-shocked Xenopus laevis embryos. Ohan, N.W., Heikkila, J.J. Dev. Genet. (1995) [Pubmed]
 
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