Disease relevance of RA27

• Transmission of RA27/3 rubella vaccine strain to products of conception [1].
• INTERPRETATION: RA27/3 rubella vaccine given to seronegative women during the postpartum period was significantly associated with development of acute arthralgia or arthritis [2].
• Analysis of the resulting chimeric viruses revealed that the pattern of RA27/3 attenuation in cell culture is complex: attenuating elements in the RA27/3 genome were found in the 5' untranslated region (UTR), a region of the nonstructural proteins containing the protease motif and the capsid gene [3].
• Our observations suggest that E1, in the conformation adopted in the RA27/3 virion may have unique antigenic properties [4].
• After 31 volunteers with antibody levels of less than 15 IU were challenged intranasally with RA27/3, viremia was detected in one, a girl who had a history of vaccination at school [5].

High impact information on RA27

• CONCLUSIONS: In this large retrospective cohort analysis there was no evidence of any increased risk of new onset chronic arthropathies or neurologic conditions in women receiving the RA 27/3 rubella vaccine [6].
• To document the serological response, 21 seronegative rubella vaccinees (hemagglutination inhibition [HI] titer less than 10) were revaccinated with RA 27/3 rubella vaccine [7].
• Isolates of the RA 27/3 vaccine strain were readily identifiable by nucleotide sequence [8].
• A predictable nasopharyngeal IgA and serum IgG antibody response to rubella virus was observed after subcutaneous or intranasal immunization with RA 27/3 vaccine [9].
• The development of an immune response to rubella virus in milk, serum, and nasopharyngeal secretions was studied in lactating postpartum women after immunization with HPV-77 De5 or RA 27/3 live, attenuated rubella virus vaccine administered subcutaneously or intranasally [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of RA27

• In August 1991, the Institute of Medicine released a report entitled Adverse Effects of Pertussis and Rubella Vaccines, which examined 18 adverse events in relation to diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis (DTP) vaccine and four adverse events in relation to the currently used rubella vaccine strain, RA 27/3 [10].

Biological context of RA27

• Surprisingly, these analyses also revealed a potentiating mutation at nt 164 of the RA27/3 genome [3].
• The induction of cell death by RVT and RA27/3 in Vero and rat glial cells was associated with caspase-3 activity [11].
• Apoptosis induction by the Therien and vaccine RA27/3 strains of rubella virus causes depletion of oligodendrocytes from rat neural cell cultures [11].
• Cell death induction in Vero and rat glial cells by RVT and RA27/3 was dependent on virus replication [11].
• Rubella prevention in family practice with RA27/3 vaccine [12].

Anatomical context of RA27

• Normal lymphocyte responses were restored within 1 month after vaccination with RA27/3, but even later (1 week) after HPV77 vaccine [13].
• C(1-29V), an SP analogue containing an RA27/3 RV vaccine strain sequence, stimulated higher levels of proliferation in T cells obtained from RV-vaccinated subjects than did the comparable wild-type (M33 strain) RV sequence [14].
• Natural rubella infection or immunization with RA27/3 rubella vaccine by intranasal and frequently by the subcutaneous route resulted in regular appearance of antibody response in the serum and respiratory tract and cellular immunity in circulating lymphocytes and tonsillar lymphoid tissue [15].
• Unlike other strains tested, the RA 27/3 vaccine strain of rubella virus, attenuated in human fibroblasts, failed to inhibit superinfection with Newcastle disease virus (i.e. induce intrinsic interference) [16].
• The in vitro growth and serial passage of RA 27/3 rubella vaccine virus in cord blood mononuclear leukocytes from normal babies [17].

Other interactions of RA27

• Hence, it appears that both RA27/3 and BRD-2 vaccine viruses have no capacity for being transmitted to unvaccinated contacts [18].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of RA27

• Serum IgG and IgA and nasopharyngeal IgA responses after vaccination by RA27/3 intranasally most closely resembled those induced by naturally acquired infection [19].
• In addition, the different vaccines (HPV77/DE5, RA27/3, Cendehill) have been shown to vary in their association with joint symptoms in clinical trials [20].
• In contrast, the replication of RA27/3 (Meruvax II) and Cendehill (Cendevax) was highly restricted in joint cells and both of these strains showed very limited ability to penetrate and persist in the organ cultures [20].
• Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and single radial hemolysis (SRH) were used to measure the persistence of rubella antibodies in 123 women who had received one of four rubella vaccines (Cendehill, HPV-77 DE-5, RA27/3, and To-336) six to 16 years earlier [5].
• After receiving the intramuscular injections of HRI (750 mg of IgG) and vaccine (10(3 . 92) median tissue culture dose, Wistar RA27/3 subcutaneously) eight of the 20 volunteers failed to show seroconversion [21].

References