Disease relevance of Serial Passage

• Proviruses with mutations in the nef gene replicated better than their standard counterparts during transient expression, and the mutant virus maintained its enhanced replication even after serial passages in T lymphocytes [1].
• We have studied the progression of breast tumors induced by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea in Wistar/Furst rats during serial passages through isogeneic animals, using characteristic markers previously defined [2].
• The androgen-sensitive Dunning R-3327-H prostatic adenocarcinoma has been maintained by continuous serial passage in intact male rats for many years [3].
• Immunoglobulin G from Cohn Fraction II, after removing these anti-immunoglobulins, was cytotoxic for cultured fetal cells and for malignant melanoma, breast, lung, colon, and other tumor cells maintained either in tissue culture or by serial passage in nude mice [4].
• A mouse-adapted enterovirus 71 (EV71) strain with increased virulence in mice, MP4, was generated after four serial passages of the parental EV71 strain 4643 in mice [5].

High impact information on Serial Passage

• The abnormality in transketolase persisted through serial passages in tissue culture in cells grown in medium containing excess thiamine and no ethanol, indicating that the aberrations were genetic rather than dietary [6].
• Selective pressure for loss of EGF receptor-binding activity was applied to the library by serial passage on EGF receptor-rich HT1080 cells [7].
• Although Rep proteins have been demonstrated to interfere with Ad replication, HD Rep78 vector was successfully amplified on serial passages in 293CRE4 cells with a yield of 50-100 transducing units per cell [8].
• With increasing frequency during serial passage in culture, primary human keratinocytes express p16(INK4A) (p16) and undergo senescence arrest [9].
• Telomere dynamics, chromosomal instability, and cellular viability were studied in serial passages of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells in which the telomerase RNA (mTER) gene was deleted [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Serial Passage

• A mitoxantrone-resistant human MCF-7 breast cancer subline (MCF/MX) which is approximately 4000-fold resistant to mitoxantrone was isolated by serial passage of the parental wild-type MCF-7 cells (MCF/WT) in stepwise increasing concentrations of drug [11].
• Methotrexate (MTX)-resistant human breast cancer cells (MTXR ZR-75) were obtained following serial passage of the wild-type ZR-75-1 cells (wild-type ZR-75) in MTX [12].
• However, serial passages of fetal lamb kidney (FLK) cells, which are sensitive to infection with BLV, after transient transfection revealed that mutation of a second tyrosine residue in the N-terminal motif completely prevented the propagation of the virus [13].
• Although stepwise increases in resistance were seen with Escherichia coli and P. aeruginosa during serial passage on plates containing incremental concentrations of the drug, significant resistance did not emerge during incubation of strains in broth containing concentrations of ciprofloxacin above the MBC [14].
• Live guinea pig cytomegalovirus (CMV) vaccine was prepared after 11 serial passages in tissue culture; noninfectious envelope antigen vaccine was prepared by n-octyl glucoside treatment of CMV-derived dense bodies and virions [15].

Biological context of Serial Passage

• Here, we investigated the effect of TGF-beta on decorin gene expression in both primary cultures of articular chondrocytes and chondrocytes dedifferentiated by serial passages [16].
• These data indicate that the nonsynonymous substitutions of amino acids in the HCRSV CP after serial passages in C. quinoa are not likely to be random events but may be due to host-associated positive selection or accelerated genetic drift [17].
• One isolate mediated mannose-sensitive hemagglutination after serial passage in broth cultures [18].
• The infected cells enter a period of growth crisis characterized by cytopathology and cell death as the level of T antigen synthesis reaches about 90 percent positive cells at about the tenth serial passage [19].
• Twenty-five (0.23%) nucleotide and 10 (0.29%) amino acid substitutions occurred between parent strain dengue-1 virus West Pac 74 and virulent strain 45AZ5 PDK-O, which was derived from the parent by serial passage in diploid foetal rhesus lung (FRhL-2) and mutagenized with 5-azacytidine [20].

Anatomical context of Serial Passage

• The cell line, designated YK , synthesized and secreted alpha-fetoprotein, but there was a gradual decrease in the synthesis of this protein during serial passage [21].
• The MCCLX tumor grows rapidly and exhibits high activity of the milk protein alpha-lactalbumin (alpha LA) (40% of the level in midlactating mammary gland) during serial passage in estrogen-supplemented (E+) intact males [22].
• A complement-resistant line of HeLa cells (T638) was derived by serial passage of complement-susceptible HeLa cells in anti-beta 2-microglobulin (b2m) antiserum and complement [23].
• Increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins and decreased expression of matrix proteases after serial passage of glomerular mesangial cells [24].
• All of the cloned tumor cell lines synthesized and secreted AFP and albumin but there was a gradual decrease in the synthesis of these proteins during serial passage [25].

Associations of Serial Passage with chemical compounds

• By serial passage of the cells in increasing concentrations of methotrexate, the exogenous human beta globin genes were stably amplified in all lines, and all increased their globin mRNA expression roughly proportional to their augmented copy number [26].
• These cells, established by selective serial passage and clonal proliferation, have been found by Hescheler and coworkers to express dihydropyridine-sensitive calcium channels that respond to beta-adrenergic stimulation [27].
• Strains highly resistant to ciprofloxacin could, nevertheless, be selected by serial passage on drug-containing agar [28].
• They were introduced into GLV-infected G. lamblia trophozoites by electroporation and stablized in the transfected cells via serial passages under puromycin selection [29].
• Emergence of acyclovir resistance during clinical use appears to parallel the in vitro observations of selection for TK-deficient, acyclovir-resistant viruses following serial passage in the presence of the drug [30].

Gene context of Serial Passage

• Serial passage also led to changes in protein expression, with increased type IV collagen and laminin, but decreased interstitial collagenase and gelatinase A [24].
• Dual co-receptor usage was maintained by the viruses after two serial passages on U87.CD4 astrocytic cell lines expressing exclusively either CCR5 or CXCR4 [31].
• Serial passage in the presence of individual growth factors accelerated the accumulation of senescent cells in VEGF-treated cultures compared with cultures treated with FGF-2 [32].
• Serial passage on polarized cell monolayers selected for DAF-binding virus variants [33].
• Serial passage of MC3T3-E1 cells alters osteoblastic function and responsiveness to transforming growth factor-beta1 and bone morphogenetic protein-2 [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Serial Passage

• Viability and growth of the organism were demonstrated by direct observation of the reproductive cycle in the Sykes-Moore chamber, serial passage with an increase in the number of mature cysts forms, the cytopathic effect of the organism on cell culture, and inhibition of growth of the organism by specific antiserum and pentamidine isethionate [35].
• To determine whether repeated passage would select for functional variants of the receptor, we analyzed mCAT1 amplified by RT-PCR after 12 serial passages [36].
• It is concluded that the xenograft retained the characteristics of the original tumour with the exception of a reduction in HCG-producing elements at transplantation beyond 5 serial passages [37].
• Our previous study demonstrated the stability of c-K-ras gene mutations in human primary neoplasms and their tumor xenografts through serial passages in mice [38].
• Restriction enzyme analyses were also carried out on CAV-1 (CLL) genomes isolated from viral stocks over 8 serial passages in a dog kidney cell line (DK 6722) [39].

References