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Gene Review

GAP43  -  growth associated protein 43

Felis catus

 
 
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Disease relevance of GAP43

 

Psychiatry related information on GAP43

 

High impact information on GAP43

  • We have examined the regulation of expression of the genes for the neuronal growth-associated protein GAP43, the type II calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase, and glutamic acid decarboxylase in the kitten visual cortex during normal postnatal development and after a period of visual deprivation [4].
  • We asked two questions: Following axotomy, where in the entire neuron does the immunoreactivity for MAP2a/b and GAP-43 change and do these changes reflect a transformation of dendrite to axon or growth from terminal dendrites [5]?
  • Substance P-, calcitonin gene-related peptide, growth-associated protein-43, and neurotrophin receptor-like immunoreactivity associated with unmyelinated axons in feline ventral roots and pia mater [6].
  • One, 3, 5 and 7 weeks after induction of the lesion, the neuropil levels of synapsin and GAP-43 in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and area 17 were determined by immunocytochemistry [2].
  • The demonstration of GAP-43 and neurotrophin receptor-immunoreactivities associated with unmyelinated fibers in ventral roots and the pia mater is discussed in relation to previous reports on postnatal plasticity in these axonal populations [6].
 

Biological context of GAP43

 

Anatomical context of GAP43

  • The results of the present study imply that the ventral root afferents comprise several different types of sensory axons, which all contain SP-, CGRP-, GAP-43-, and p75NGFr-like immunoreactivities [6].
  • B-50 (GAP-43) in the spinal cord caudal to hemisection: indication for lack of intraspinal sprouting in dorsal root axons [10].
  • Double-labeling experiments demonstrated that 50-70% of primary pulpal GAP-43-positive nerve fibers showed CGRP-like immunoreactivity [11].
  • GAP 43 became upregulated in a subset of retinal ganglion cells following at least 7 days of RD [1].
  • After axotomy by an incision in the ventral funiculus or a transection of ventral roots or peripheral nerves, GAP-43 mRNA was clearly upregulated in axotomized motoneurons, including both alpha and gamma motoneurons [12].
 

Associations of GAP43 with chemical compounds

  • At 3 and 6 months, neuropeptide immunoreactivity reappeared but far fewer number of pulpal nerve fibers were SP-, NKA- and CGRP-immunoreactive than under normal conditions, as demonstrated by double-labeling experiments with GAP-43- or LANR-antiserum [13].
  • After 1, 2, and 5 weeks postlesion (wPL), we addressed whether functional reorganization correlated in time with changes in the expression of MAP-2, GAP-43, GFAP, GABA(A) receptor subunit alpha1 (GABA(A)alpha1), subunit 1 of the NMDA receptor (NMDAR1), and in neurotransmitter levels at the border of the lesion [14].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of GAP43

  • Alterations to neuronal polarity following permanent axotomy: a quantitative analysis of changes to MAP2a/b and GAP-43 distributions in axotomized motoneurons in the adult cat [5].
  • Using intracellular labeling and immunocytochemistry, changes in MAP2a/b and GAP-43 immunoreactivity were also found in processes with a morphology typical of terminal branches of intact motoneurons (called simple distal processes [SDPs]), as well as UDPs [5].
  • Immunoblot, immunocytochemical and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) techniques were used to assess the level of GAP 43 expression after experimental RD [1].
  • Cat dental pulp after denervation and subsequent re-innervation: changes in blood-flow regulation and distribution of neuropeptide-, GAP-43- and low-affinity neurotrophin receptor-like immunoreactivity [13].
  • In situ hybridization histochemistry was used to detect cell bodies expressing mRNA encoding for the phosphoprotein GAP-43 in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the adult rat, cat and monkey under normal conditions and, in the cat and rat, also after different types of lesions [12].

References

  1. Evidence that ganglion cells react to retinal detachment. Coblentz, F.E., Radeke, M.J., Lewis, G.P., Fisher, S.K. Exp. Eye Res. (2003) [Pubmed]
  2. Alterations in GAP-43 and synapsin immunoreactivity provide evidence for synaptic reorganization in adult cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus following retinal lesions. Baekelandt, V., Arckens, L., Annaert, W., Eysel, U.T., Orban, G.A., Vandesande, F. Eur. J. Neurosci. (1994) [Pubmed]
  3. GAP-43 in the cat visual cortex during postnatal development. McIntosh, H., Daw, N., Parkinson, D. Vis. Neurosci. (1990) [Pubmed]
  4. Visual experience regulates gene expression in the developing striate cortex. Neve, R.L., Bear, M.F. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1989) [Pubmed]
  5. Alterations to neuronal polarity following permanent axotomy: a quantitative analysis of changes to MAP2a/b and GAP-43 distributions in axotomized motoneurons in the adult cat. MacDermid, V., Neuber-Hess, M., Short, C., Rose, P.K. J. Comp. Neurol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  6. Substance P-, calcitonin gene-related peptide, growth-associated protein-43, and neurotrophin receptor-like immunoreactivity associated with unmyelinated axons in feline ventral roots and pia mater. Risling, M., Dalsgaard, C.J., Frisén, J., Sjögren, A.M., Fried, K. J. Comp. Neurol. (1994) [Pubmed]
  7. Protein kinase C activity and substrate (F1/GAP-43) phosphorylation in developing cat visual cortex. Sheu, F.S., Kasamatsu, T., Routtenberg, A. Brain Res. (1990) [Pubmed]
  8. B-50 (GAP-43) in Onuf's nucleus of the adult cat. Nacimiento, W., Töpper, R., Fischer, A., Möbius, E., Oestreicher, A.B., Gispen, W.H., Nacimiento, A.C., Noth, J., Kreutzberg, G.W. Brain Res. (1993) [Pubmed]
  9. Developmental and environmental changes in GAP-43 gene expression in cat visual cortex. Mower, G.D., Rosen, K.M. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. (1993) [Pubmed]
  10. B-50 (GAP-43) in the spinal cord caudal to hemisection: indication for lack of intraspinal sprouting in dorsal root axons. Nacimiento, W., Mautes, A., Töpper, R., Oestreicher, A.B., Gispen, W.H., Nacimiento, A.C., Noth, J., Kreutzberg, G.W. J. Neurosci. Res. (1993) [Pubmed]
  11. Growth-associated protein (GAP-43)-like immunoreactivity in primary and permanent tooth pulp nerve fibers of the cat. Fried, K., Risling, M. Brain Res. (1992) [Pubmed]
  12. Expression of GAP-43 mRNA in the adult mammalian spinal cord under normal conditions and after different types of lesions, with special reference to motoneurons. Lindå, H., Piehl, F., Dagerlind, A., Verge, V.M., Arvidsson, U., Cullheim, S., Risling, M., Ulfhake, B., Hökfelt, T. Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Expérimentation cérébrale. (1992) [Pubmed]
  13. Cat dental pulp after denervation and subsequent re-innervation: changes in blood-flow regulation and distribution of neuropeptide-, GAP-43- and low-affinity neurotrophin receptor-like immunoreactivity. Olgart, L., Edwall, L., Fried, K. Brain Res. (1993) [Pubmed]
  14. Functional reorganization of visual cortex maps after ischemic lesions is accompanied by changes in expression of cytoskeletal proteins and NMDA and GABA(A) receptor subunits. Zepeda, A., Sengpiel, F., Guagnelli, M.A., Vaca, L., Arias, C. J. Neurosci. (2004) [Pubmed]
 
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