Disease relevance of Retinal Detachment

• Stickler syndrome is a dominantly inherited disorder characterized by arthropathy, midline clefting, hearing loss, midfacial hypoplasia, myopia, and retinal detachment [1].
• Incontinentia Pigmenti (IP) is an X-linked genodermatosis that is lethal for males and present in females with abnormal skin pigmentation and high variable clinical signs, including retinal detachment, anodontia, alopecia, nail dystrophy and nervous system defects [2].
• Because of occasional reports of exudative retinal detachment with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSH) and deafness, we sought to determine by fluorescein angiography whether there is any general relationship between FSH muscular dystrophy and retinal vascular disease [3].
• Stickler syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease with ocular (severe myopia, vitreal degeneration, and retinal detachment) and other systemic manifestations (hearing loss, cleft palate, epiphyseal dysplasia, and premature osteoarthritis) [4].
• High TGF-beta2 levels during primary retinal detachment may protect against proliferative vitreoretinopathy [5].

Psychiatry related information on Retinal Detachment

• Associated systemic and ocular diseases included sickling hemoglobinopathies (49%), branch retinal vein obstruction (20%), diabetes mellitus (9%), sarcoidosis (4%), intravenous drug abuse (4%), the ocular ischemic syndrome (1%), pars planitis (1%), Coats' disease (1%) and retinitis pigmentosa/retinal detachment (1%) [6].

High impact information on Retinal Detachment

• A paracrine effect of IGF-1 in the retina initiated vascular alterations that progressed from nonproliferative to proliferative retinopathy and retinal detachment [7].
• TGF-beta 1 was used in an animal model of traction retinal detachment [8].
• At this location the dystrophin/dystroglycan complex may play a role in the attachment of the retina to the vitreous, and, under pathological conditions, in traction-induced retinal detachment [9].
• These data demonstrate that regardless of developmental stage of the vascular bed, increased expression of VEGF in the retina is sufficient to cause neovascularization, and high levels of expression cause severe neovascularization and traction retinal detachment [10].
• Expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A and PDGF-B is increased in patients with proliferative retinopathies in which traction retinal detachments occur [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Retinal Detachment

• Therefore, the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), carbonyl and sulfhydryl (P-SH) proteins, and vitamin E have been assessed in the subretinal fluid (SF) of patients affected by retinal detachment [12].
• METHODS: A local retinal detachment was induced by subretinal injection of a sodium hyaluronate solution [13].
• To determine whether therapeutic intravitreal concentrations of ganciclovir are achieved after intravenous administration, vitreous samples were obtained intraoperatively from 23 eyes of 22 AIDS patients with retinal detachments associated with cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis [14].
• Both treatments (daunorubicin alone and in combination with triamcinolone acetonide) effectively prevented retinal detachment [15].
• The inner segment showed intense glutamate immunoreactivity 10 minutes and 60 minutes after retinal detachment [16].

Biological context of Retinal Detachment

• CONCLUSIONS: The apoptotic photoreceptor cell death in experimental retinal detachments is associated with caspase activation [17].
• An acute efflux of neuronal glutamate in detached retina could contribute to excitotoxicity and to the initiation of structural alterations and changes in gene expression; it is also consistent with reported neurochemical changes associated with longer term retinal detachment [18].
• Both dark adaptation (red illumination) and the use of a calcium chloride- and magnesium chloride-free solution (at room temperature) can facilitate retinal detachment in macular translocation surgery [19].
• METHODS: Vitreous from 55 patients undergoing vitrectomy for treatment of PDR complicated by vitreous hemorrhage and/or traction retinal detachment was assayed for the presence of the soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and sE-selectin using a standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) [20].
• OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) intraocular retention, anatomic and visual acuity outcomes, and complications associated with intraoperative perfluoro-n-octane (Perfluoron) versus perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene (Vitreon) in retinal detachment repair [21].

Anatomical context of Retinal Detachment

• RESULTS: The authors' results showed that vitritis, vasculitis and perivasculitis, retinal detachment, and granuloma formation in retina and choroid were the predominant features of IRBP-induced B10RIII mice EAU [22].
• To identify changes in cellular signaling pathways and AP-1 expression in retina and retinal pigmented epithelium (RPE) after experimental retinal detachment (RD) [23].
• The eyes of Lum(-/-)Fmod(-/-) mice show certain features of high myopia: increased axial length, thin sclera, and retinal detachment [24].
• PURPOSE: Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta2 and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) after retinal detachment surgery [5].
• The role of these molecules in cytokine-mediated contraction of extracellular matrix by retinal pigment epithelial cells has been investigated in a model system that may mimic epiretinal membrane contraction during retinal detachment in proliferative vitreoretinopathy [25].

Gene context of Retinal Detachment

• A novel mutation of COL2A1 resulting in dominantly inherited rhegmatogenous retinal detachment [26].
• FGFR1, signaling, and AP-1 expression after retinal detachment: reactive Müller and RPE cells [23].
• Wagner syndrome (WGN1; MIM 143200), an autosomal dominant vitreoretinopathy characterized by chorioretinal atrophy, cataract, and retinal detachment, is linked to 5q14 [27].
• However, high VEGF levels were also found in retinal detachment and proliferative vitreoretinopathy of non-diabetic patients [28].
• Cyclin D1 was induced in the INL 2 days after the retinal detachment, and the induction was inhibited by PD98059 [29].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Retinal Detachment

• A single injection of microspheres, containing 3 micrograms of adriamycin, did not suppress retinal detachment [30].
• METHODS: Confocal immunofluorescence microscopy was used to identify sites of bFGF and FGF receptor 1 (FGFR1) expression after focal injury or experimental retinal detachment in adult rats [31].
• Despite medical therapy, three vitrectomies and repeated intravitreal injections of amikacin, a total retinal detachment ensued [32].
• Fifty consecutive patients undergoing scleral buckling under general anesthesia were randomized to receive either bupivacaine or balanced salt solution as a retrobulbar irrigation at the end of their retinal detachment procedure [33].
• PURPOSE: To determine the long-term anatomic and functional results of temporary silicone oil tamponade coupled with laser photocoagulation of the macular hole rim for retinal detachment due to macular hole in eyes with myopia higher than -10.0 diopters (D) [34].

References