Disease relevance of Pia Mater

• In the experimental groups, human IL-2 mRNA was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in the lumbar spinal pia mater, dorsal root ganglion, sciatic nerve, and spinal dorsal horn, but not in gastrocnemius muscle [1].
• The increased expression of eNOS in dura mater and eNOS and nNOS in pia mater seen after stress could not be antagonized by treatment with the migraine drug sumatriptan [2].

High impact information on Pia Mater

• Afferents containing SP and/or CGRP and sympathetic axons also occur in the spinal pia mater [3].
• Here we report that meningeal cells in the pia mater express immunoreactivity and mRNA for both known NGF receptors, the low-affinity receptor p75 and the tyrosine kinase receptor trkA [4].
• Kir4.1/5.1 and Kir4.1 expression appeared to occur only in astrocytes, specifically in the membrane domains facing the pia mater and blood vessels or in the processes surrounding synapses [5].
• B-utrophin is expressed in vascular endothelial cells; A-utrophin is expressed at the neuromuscular junction, choroid plexus, pia mater, and renal glomerulus [6].
• As the animals reached maturity, tPA disappeared from the larger cerebral arteries and their cortical branches but continued to be expressed in the vessels of the pia mater and lung [7].

Biological context of Pia Mater

• In situ hybridization shows that OSMRbeta gene expression was found in astrocytes of olfactory bulb, epithelial cells of choroid plexus, and meningeal cells in pia mater [8].
• Genomic aldolase C:LacZ fusion genes with 1.8 kb of sequence 5' to the transcription start site drive CNS expression of LacZ only in astrocytes and cells of the pia mater [9].

Anatomical context of Pia Mater

• At the transected site, new synthesis of elastin was present in the pia mater but not in astrocytes in the glial scar [10].
• The TASK-3 labelling was stronger in general, but it was particularly intense in the Purkinje cells and pia mater [11].
• The demonstration of GAP-43 and neurotrophin receptor-immunoreactivities associated with unmyelinated fibers in ventral roots and the pia mater is discussed in relation to previous reports on postnatal plasticity in these axonal populations [12].
• Both immunoreactivity and mRNA for prostaglandin D synthase were located in arachnoid barrier cells, arachnoid trabecular cells, and arachnoid pia mater cells [13].
• It was strong in some regions such as the glomerular layer of the olfactory bulb, the Bergmann glia in the cerebellum, the ependyma, and pia mater, while little activity was detected in white matter of the corpus callosum or cerebellar peduncle [14].

Associations of Pia Mater with chemical compounds

• Specific staining of beta 1 integrin-like immunoreactivity was found in the vascular structures of the brain, including microvessels, the ventricular ependymal cells, and pia mater [15].
• RESULTS: In case of limited access to lesions adherent to the pia mater, the beta-emitter 131I provides crossfire from the CSF, resulting in a higher absorbed dose (Gy/MBq) in these lesions as compared with the Auger emitter 67Ga [16].
• The majority of descending serotonin fibers in the white matter is located immediately below the pia mater in the ventrolateral funiculi [17].
• Sporadic spike discharges recorded on EEGs from epidural electrodes appeared 5-10 min after topical application of 0.3 nmol delta-guanidinovaleric acid (DGVA) on the pia mater of the sensorimotor cortex, on the same side as the application [18].
• Intraspinal serotonin fibers co-containing Leu-enkephalin were observed in the pia mater located on the most lateral surface of the spinal cord [19].

Gene context of Pia Mater

• Pia mater in LPS-treated, but not in untreated, mouse brain showed enhanced signal for MT-I mRNA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)[20]
• The neuronal proteins 160 kDa and 200 kDa neurofilaments, neuron-specific enolase and microtubule-associated protein 2 were, however, not immunolocalized in either the pia mater or arachnoid [21].
• This indicates a defect in OP survival and their dorsal migration from the ventral cord region, probably because CXCR4(-/-) OP are unable to respond to CXCL12 made by vascular endothelia and the pia mater [22].
• The signals associated with the perivascular spaces and pia mater were not blocked by unlabelled IGF-1, suggesting non-saturable binding in these brain areas [23].
• At postnatal day 3 (P3), a strong signal representing SPARC mRNA was apparent in boundary layers such as the pia mater and the lining of the ventricles [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pia Mater

• In the present study, we investigated in Wistar rats the effect of air stress on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNA and protein expression in dura and pia mater using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting, respectively [2].
• In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry revealed postnatal decorin expression in the grey matter of neocortex, hippocampus and thalamus, in myelinated fibre tracts and in several mesenchymal tissues (blood vessels, pia mater and the choroid plexus) [25].
• Confocal microscopy showed that dystrobrevin was expressed around blood vessels and under the pia mater as dystrophin, utrophin and beta-dystroglycan were [26].
• Plectin visualized by immunofluorescence was localized to astrocytes and their processes, especially at the end-feet facing the pia mater [27].

References