High impact information on Cadm1

• Expression profiling of the testes revealed that Tslc1 null mice showed increases in the expression levels of genes involved in apoptosis, adhesion, and the cytoskeleton [1].
• In adult mice, Tslc1 null round spermatids showed evidence of normal differentiation (an acrosomal cap and F-actin polarization indistinguishable from that of wild-type spermatids); however, the surviving spermatozoa were immature, malformed, found at very low levels in the epididymis, and rarely motile [1].
• Analysis of the first wave of spermatogenesis in Tslc1 null mice showed a delay in maturation by day 22 and degeneration of round spermatids by day 28 [1].
• In the Tslc1(+/+) mice, TSLC1/IGSF4 expression was observed in the spermatogenic cells from the intermediate spermatogonia to the early pachytene spermatocytes and from spermatids at step 7 or later [2].
• In 11-week-old adult Tslc1(-/-) mice, the weight of a testis was 88% that in Tslc1(+/+) mice, and the number of sperm in the semen was approximately 0.01% that in Tslc1(+/+) mice [2].

Biological context of Cadm1

• We propose that Necl2/CRTAM molecular pair could regulate a large panel of cell/cell interactions both within and outside of the immune system [3].
• Transfection of B6(tg/tg) CMCs with normal MITF cDNA elevated their SgIGSF expression to normal levels [4].
• From a cDNA library of B6(+/+) CMCs, we subtracted messenger RNAs expressed by B6(mi/mi) CMCs and found a clone encoding SgIGSF, a recently identified member of the immunoglobulin superfamily [4].
• Because synaptic cell adhesion molecule (SynCAM), alternatively named spermatogenic Ig superfamily (SgIGSF), is expressed on both nerves and mast cells and because it binds homophilically, this molecule may be a candidate [5].
• The Tslc1 cDNA contains a single open reading frame of 1335 bp encoding a putative protein of 445 amino acids, and its expression was detected in all tissues examined [6].

Anatomical context of Cadm1

• We further show that Necl2 binds Class-I-restricted T-cell-associated molecule (CRTAM), a receptor primarily expressed on activated cytotoxic lymphocytes [3].
• Necl-2 localized at the basolateral plasma membrane in epithelial cells of the mouse gall bladder, but not at specialized cell-cell junctions, such as tight junctions, adherens junctions, and desmosomes [7].
• Immunocytochemical analysis showed that SgIGSF localized to the cell-to-cell contact areas between B6(+/+) CMCs and NIH/3T3 fibroblasts [4].
• SgIGSF/SynCAM on mast cells appeared to predominantly mediate attachment and promote communication with nerves [5].
• At points of contact between neurites and wild-type BMMC, SgIGSF/SynCAM was locally concentrated in both neurites and BMMC [5].

Associations of Cadm1 with chemical compounds

• When the nerves were specifically activated by scorpion venom, one-quarter of the attached IC-2 cells mobilized Ca(2+) after a few dozen seconds, and ectopic SgIGSF/SynCAM doubled this proportion [5].

Other interactions of Cadm1

• Implications of nectin-like molecule-2/IGSF4/RA175/SgIGSF/TSLC1/SynCAM1 in cell-cell adhesion and transmembrane protein localization in epithelial cells [7].
• These results indicate the unique localization of Necl-2 and its possible involvement in localization of a transmembrane protein(s) through Pals2 [7].
• SgIGSF (spermatogenic immunoglobulin superfamily) is a recently identified intercellular adhesion molecule of the immunoglobulin superfamily [8].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Cadm1

• Northern and Western blot analyses revealed that SgIGSF was expressed in B6(+/+) CMCs but not in CMCs derived from MITF mutants [4].
• In situ hybridization analysis in testis revealed that SgIGSF mRNA signal was localized to the spermatogenic cells from spermatogonia to zygotene spermatocytes [9].
• Furthermore, they reveal Necl-2 as one of the molecular targets that allows the immunosurveillance network to distinguish tumor cells from normal cells [10].

References