Disease relevance of RNF2

• Changes in expression associated with tumoral transformation have been found for BMI1 and RNF2, which exhibited increased expression in a large series of tumors, including gastrointestinal tumors, pituitary and parathyroid adenomas, and lymphomas, compared with their expression in normal-cell counterparts [1].
• Confocal microscopy showed the presence of RNF2 in the cytoplasm of the Pgp-negative, drug-sensitive MCF-7 breast cancer cells [2].
• Further, mutations in the RING-IBR-RING of Parkin cause a rare form of Parkinsonism and these studies provide an explanation for those mutations that occur in its RING2 [3].
• These data indicate that patients with a flexible annuloplasty ring have better left ventricular systolic function than patients with a rigid annuloplasty ring 2 to 3 months after mitral valve reconstruction for chronic mitral regurgitation secondary to degenerative disease of the mitral valve [4].
• To study the clinical effects of Da Ding Feng Zhu ([symbol: see text]) Decoction on liver fibrosis [5].

Psychiatry related information on RNF2

• Nicotine dependence was measured by adapting the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ; Prokhorov, Pallonen, Fava, Ding, & Niaura, 1996), and by a 6-item withdrawal symptom scale [6].

High impact information on RNF2

• A variant tandemly repeated nucleotide sequence in Balbiani ring 2 of Chironomus tentans [7].
• A hierarchic arrangement of the repetitive sequences in the Balbiani ring 2 gene of Chironomus tentans [8].
• Furthermore, parallel repression of sp-Ib and sp-Id synthesis by galactose led us to hypothesize that both of their genes exist within Balbiani ring 2 [9].
• We show that A. vinelandii has two clusters of rnf-like genes: rnf1, whose expression is nif-regulated, and rnf2, which is expressed independently of the nitrogen source in the medium [10].
• (Chen, Y., Lu, J., Pan, H., Zhang, Y., Wu, H., Xu, K., Liu, X., Jiang, Y., Bao, X., Yao, Z., Ding, K., Lo, W. H., Qiang, B., Chan, P., Shen, Y., and Wu, X. (2003) Ann. Neurol. 54, 239-243) 12 missense mutations were identified in the CACNA1H (Ca(v)3.2) gene in 14 of 118 patients with CAE but not in 230 control individuals [11].

Biological context of RNF2

• Interestingly, the RNF2-S6' interaction increases the ATP hydrolysis activity of the S6' protein [12].
• We suggest that RNF2 regulates the cellular abundance of Pgp, and plays a key role in the development of cancer drug resistance through its own down-regulation [2].
• During this cloning we found that HNK-1ST and other Golgi-associated sulfotransferases cloned before share homologous sequences including the RDP motif (Ong, E., Yeh, J.-C., Ding, Y., Hindsgaul, O., and Fukuda, M. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 223, 5190-5195) [13].
• Additionally, this RING2 topology is novel, bearing slight resemblance to zinc-ribbon motifs around the zinc site and is different from the topologies of the zinc binding sites found in RING and PHDs [3].
• The injection of [11C]thymidine labeled in the ring-2 position or [11C]acetate labeled in the carboxylate position resulted in the production of large amounts of labeled CO2 with the exhalation of about 47% and 23%, respectively, of the injected label over 60 min [14].

Anatomical context of RNF2

• Reducing the expression of Ring2 results in a dramatic decrease in the level of ubiquitinated H2A in HeLa cells [15].
• We have evidence that the limulus (Tachypleus tri-dentatus) hemocyte transglutaminase (TGase) has a molecular mass of 86 kDa and properties of the mammalian type II TGase-like enzyme (Tokunaga, F., Yamada, M., Miyata, T., Ding, Y.-L., Hiranaga-Kawabata, M., Muta, T., Iwanaga, S., Ichinose, A., and Davie, E.W. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 252-261) [16].
• The former used the mouse mammary carcinoma cell line GZHI, which expresses the human MUC-1 gene (L. Ding, E.N. Lalani, M. Reddish, R. Koganty, T. Wong, J. Samuel, M.B. Yacyshyn, A. Meikle, P.Y.S. Fung, J. Taylor-Papadimitriou, B.M. Longenecker, Cancer Immunol. Immunother. 36 (1993) 9--17) [17].

Associations of RNF2 with chemical compounds

• During intracellular recycling of glypican-1, there is an NO-dependent deaminative cleavage of heparan sulfate at these glucosamine units, which would eliminate the positive charges (Ding, K., Sandgren, S., Mani, K., Belting, M., and Fransson, L.-A. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 46779-46791) [18].
• To study the coupling between voltage sensors and gates, we immobilize the voltage sensors, using a bifunctional photo-cross-linking reagent that can be attached to an introduced cysteine, and observe the consequences for gate movement [Horn, R., Ding, S., and Gruber, H. J. (2000) J. Gen. Physiol. 116, 461-475] [19].
• We recently identified a non-peptide small-molecule IR activator (compound 2), which induced human IR tyrosine kinase activity in Chinese-hamster ovary cells expressing human IR [Qureshi, Ding, Li, Szalkowski, Biazzo-Ashnault, Xie, Saperstein, Brady, Huskey, Shen et al. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 36590-36595] [20].
• The DNA of Balbiani ring 2, which is the most active puff in larvae, is transcribed into large RNA molecules of about 22 X 10(6) D which resist degradation by heating, formamide or urea treatment [21].
• [14C]Bromomisonidazole was prepared by direct bromination of [ring-2] [14C]misonidazole in dioxane [22].

Physical interactions of RNF2

• Mutations in the RING domain of RNF2 prevented the clone from binding to Hip-2, an indication that the RING domain is the binding determinant [23].

Other interactions of RNF2

• The interaction of Hip-2 with RNF2, one of the clones, was further confirmed through in vitro and in vivo experiments [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of RNF2

• Our sequence analysis of the C-terminal RING (RING2) from this motif show that several metal ligating and hydrophobic residues critical for the formation of a classical RING cross-brace structure are not present [3].
• Antibacterial activity of the Chinese traditional medicine, Zi Hua Di Ding [24].
• 56 patients with liver fibrosis due to chronic hepatitis B were randomly divided into a treatment group (30 cases treated with Da Ding Feng Zhu Decoction) and a control group (26 cases treated with colchicine) [5].

References