Disease relevance of Mitral Valve

• Ten other family members had late or holosystolic mitral-valve prolapse, and elevated urinary taurine values (range, 215 to 265 mg) [1].
• Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for prosthetic mitral-valve thrombosis [2].
• Smaller, lower-quality studies indicate that cardiologists can accurately rule in and rule out mitral regurgitation, tricuspid regurgitation, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and echocardiographic mitral valve prolapse [3].
• The postoperative effect of infusion of nitroglycerin on pulmonary vasomotor dynamics was studied in 28 patients undergoing valve replacement for mitral valve stenosis [4].
• Because a significant proportion (40%) of patients with MVP had shaggy echoes which closely resembled those seen in valvular vegetations, we feel that the echocardiogram is of limited value in diagnosing infective endocarditis in patients with mitral valve prolapse [5].

Psychiatry related information on Mitral Valve

• Effect of sodium lactate on patients with panic disorder and mitral valve prolapse [6].
• Migraine is comorbid for affective disorders, epilepsy, stroke, and mitral valve prolapse [7].
• Frequently accompanying the disorder is agoraphobia, depression and mitral valve prolapse, or MVP [8].
• Other clinical issues presented in this symposium are a review of benzodiazepine and new, non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic drugs, the treatment of separation anxiety, and the relationship of mitral valve prolapse to anxiety [9].

High impact information on Mitral Valve

• The presence of cardiac-valve abnormalities, defined by the Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as at least mild aortic-valve or moderate mitral-valve insufficiency, was determined independently by at least two cardiologists [10].
• Retraction. Darsee JR, Heymsfield SB. Decreased myocardial taurine levels and hypertaurinuria in a kindred with mitral-valve prolapse and congestive cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 1981;304:129-35 [11].
• Subjects with mitral-valve prolapse (MVP) have been observed to have an asthenic body build [12].
• Letter: Mitral-valve echocardiography in rheumatoid arthritis [13].
• Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by cyst formation in the kidney, liver, and pancreas and is associated often with cardiovascular abnormalities such as hypertension, mitral valve prolapse, and intracranial aneurysms [14].

Chemical compound and disease context of Mitral Valve

• Over the first 90 days after aortic or mitral valve replacement, the linearized rate of hemorrhage was greater for warfarin than for aspirin or no therapy (16.7 +/- 7.6%, 3.4 +/- 1.7%, and 3.1 +/- 3.1% per patient-year, respectively; P = .03) [15].
• The effect of low-dose intravenous nitroglycerin on pulmonary hypertension immediately after replacement of a stenotic mitral valve [4].
• Patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with symptoms refractory to drugs (beta-blockers or verapamil) are candidates for cardiac surgery (left ventricular septal myectomy or mitral valve replacement) [16].
• Simultaneous echocardiographic phonocardiographic recordings at rest and during amyl nitrite administration in patients with mitral valve prolapse [17].
• Subgroup analysis disclosed that, in patients with isolated mitral valve replacement, warfarin was superior to both of the PSTs with respect to the prevention of thromboembolism (warfarin vs dipyridamole-aspirin, p = .005; warfarin vs pentoxifylline-aspirin, p less than .05) [18].

Biological context of Mitral Valve

• Afterload elevation with angiotensin significantly depressed both cardiac output and calculated mitral valve areas [19].
• These findings suggest that judicious intraoperative administration of nitroprusside improves right and left ventricular function in patients with MR undergoing mitral valve replacement, by increasing forward stroke volume while decreasing ventricular filling pressures and vascular resistance (preload and afterload) [20].
• We conclude that patients with mitral valve disease have an increased distribution volume and E for urea, probably due to hemodynamic changes but possibly due to increased vascular permeability [21].
• A third family cosegregates mild mitral valve prolapse syndrome with a mutation in FBN1 that can be functionally distinguished from those associated with the classic MFS phenotype [22].
• The dose of isoproterenol required either to increase heart rate 25 beats/minute (0.5 +/- 0.3 microgram versus 1.0 +/- 0.3 microgram) or to decrease mean arterial pressure 20 mm Hg (11.1 +/- 4.8 versus 78.2 +/- 25.2 micrograms) was significantly less in the patients with mitral valve prolapse than in the volunteers [23].

Anatomical context of Mitral Valve

• These observations establish that mitral valve prolapse syndrome in Duchenne's dystrophy is an expression of cardiomyopathy involving papillary muscle and ventricular myocardium rather than a result of dystrophic changes in the mitral valve leaflets, annulus or chordae tendineae [24].
• The ultrastructural and biochemical studies demonstrated the marked accumulation of the major glycosphingolipd substrate, trihexosyl ceramide, in the lyosomes of all the cardiac tissues examined; the greatest concentrations were found in the mitral valve and elft ventricular myocardium [25].
• Digoxin, in a common clinical dose and at a low serum level, brought out severe manifestations of sinus node dysfunction in a patient who had previously undergone successful mitral valve replacement [26].
• It is important to distinguish the idiopathic form of mitral valve prolapse from that due to coronary artery disease and to realize that mitral valve prolapse may occur in Marfan's syndrome, Turner's syndrome, or in association with secundum atrial septal defect or ruptured chordae tendineae [27].
• Using radioiodination of intact cells, we found that, whereas both thoracic aorta and pulmonary artery cells had measurable fibronectin on the surface, aortic valve, mitral valve, and coronary artery cells had little cell-surface fibronectin present [28].

Associations of Mitral Valve with chemical compounds

• METHODS: Seven sheep underwent implantation of a new stentless, glutaraldehyde-preserved porcine mitral valve (Physiological Mitral Valve [PMV], Medtronic) and were studied acutely under open-chest conditions [29].
• On the two-dimensional echocardiograms, the position of coaptation of the mitral valve was shifted closer to the base of the anterior leaflet in the presence of dobutamine-induced SAM than before the drug was administered [30].
• Echocardiographically determined mitral valve reopening time was established for each coupling interval in the control state as well as under the influence of calcium or verapamil [31].
• We measured transpulmonary indicator dilution curves of 51Cr-erythrocytes, 125I-albumin, 14C-urea, and 3H-water before and six and 24 hours after operation in seven patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass (ACB) and eight patients undergoing mitral valve replacement (MVR) [21].
• Six open-chest, fentanyl-anesthetized dogs were instrumented with micromanometers and an electronically controlled mitral valve occluder in series with the electromagnetic flow probe [32].

Gene context of Mitral Valve

• The role of PLAU genetic variant in mitral valve prolapse (MVP) has not been studied [33].
• Distribution of CGRP, ChAT, and NPY immunoreactivities, and adrenergic fluorescence, were the same as those of the nerve-related antigens in both normal and prolapsed mitral valves [34].
• These findings indicated that the tumorous deformity of the mitral valve was formed by the overgrowth of valve tissue under the stimulation of mitral regurgitation in this child, and the imbalance of MMP and TIMP might play an important role in the bulge formation [35].
• During delamination of the valves, BMP4 and -6 mRNA are expressed at the ventricular side of the forming mitral valve, BMP4 mRNA at the ventricular side of the forming tricuspid valve, and BMP2, -4, and -6 mRNA at the vascular side of the forming semilunar valves [36].
• RESULTS: After mitral valve replacement, TNF-a, IL-6 and sFas levels, as well as the Vmax LA volume, were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Mitral Valve

• Dobutamine did not alter the relation between tdec and KLV.tdec determined from the mitral valve flow velocity measured with Doppler echocardiography correlated well with that measured by dV/dt (r = .89, P < .01) but was 0.02 seconds longer [38].
• To evaluate the diastolic filling characteristics of the left ventricle in patients with this disease, pulsed Doppler echocardiography was used to study mitral flow velocity in 17 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (11 with and 6 without systolic anterior motion of the mitral valve) and 16 age-matched normal subjects [39].
• Thallium-201 myocardial perfusion studies in patients with the mitral valve prolapse syndrome [40].
• Recent investigations, however, have indicated that these discrepancies may be attributable to the over-estimation of the mitral valve area by haemodynamic measurements, caused by the presence of the iatrogenic atrial septal defect complicating transseptal catheterization [41].
• Two patients with mechanical mitral valve prostheses were treated with postoperative warfarin anticoagulation [42].

References