Disease relevance of Chironomidae

• Acute (10 day) semi-static toxicity tests in which the midge, Chironomus tepperi, were exposed to atrazine and molinate were conducted in laboratory water and in river water, in the absence and presence of sediment [1].

High impact information on Chironomidae

• We have investigated whether histone H1 is present on active Balbiani ring genes in the salivary glands of Chironomus tentans using immunoelectron microscopy [2].
• Balbiani ring 6 gene in Chironomus tentans: a diverged member of the Balbiani ring gene family [3].
• A variant tandemly repeated nucleotide sequence in Balbiani ring 2 of Chironomus tentans [4].
• Some quantitative parameters of the intranuclear metabolism and export to the cytoplasm of Balbiani ring 1 and 2 RNA molecules in salivary gland cells of Chironomus tentans have been determined [5].
• Electron microscope tomography has been used to refine the structural analysis of individual RNP particles synthesized on Balbiani ring genes in Chironomus tentans [6].

Chemical compound and disease context of Chironomidae

• The interacting effects of cadmium toxicity and food limitation on the midge, Chironomus riparius, were studied during chronic exposure in laboratory experiments [7].
• The fate, distribution, and toxicity of lindane in tests with Chironomus riparius: effects of bioturbation and sediment organic matter content [8].
• The joint toxicity of esfenvalerate and chlorpyrifos to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) and the aquatic midge larvae (Chironomus tentans) was determined using comparisons to independent action (IA) and concentration addition (CA) models [9].
• The acute toxicity of sulfate to Ceriodaphnia dubia, Chironomus tentans, Hyalella azteca, and Sphaerium simile was assessed to support potential updates of Illinois (USA) sulfate criteria for the protection of aquatic life [10].
• Toxicity of 4-nonylphenol to Tubifex tubifex and Chironomus riparius in 28-day whole-sediment tests [11].

Biological context of Chironomidae

• Hrp59, an hnRNP M protein in Chironomus and Drosophila, binds to exonic splicing enhancers and is required for expression of a subset of mRNAs [12].
• Kinetic analysis of uptake and phosphorylation of 5,6-dichlororibofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB) by salivary gland cells of Chironomus tentans [13].
• DNA replication of Chironomus polytene chromosomes was investigated The results show that during treatment with ethanol there is an accumulation of newly synthesized DNA with the size expected of replicons [14].
• Here, we have identified a p50-like protein in the dipteran Chironomus tentans and studied its relation with the biogenesis of mRNA in larval salivary glands [15].
• Site-specific insertion of a SINE-like element, Cp1, into centromeric tandem repeats from Chironomus pallidivittatus [16].

Anatomical context of Chironomidae

• Here, we visualize the assembly and transport of a specific mRNP particle, the Balbiani ring mRNP in the dipteran Chironomus tentans, and show that a Dbp5 homologue in C.tentans, Ct-Dbp5, binds to pre-mRNP co-transcriptionally and accompanies the mRNP to and through the nuclear pores and into the cytoplasm [17].
• Unexpected homology between inducible cell wall protein QID74 of filamentous fungi and BR3 salivary protein of the insect Chironomus [18].
• Here, we report that essentially the entire pool of HMG1 proteins in Drosophila embryos and Chironomus cultured cells is phosphorylated at multiple serine residues located within acidic tails of these proteins [19].
• A tritium compound with low molecular weight and diameter, N-succinimidyl-[2,3-3H]-propionate (3H-NSP), was used to label histones and nonhistone proteins from calf thymus, and nuclear and total salivary gland proteins from larvae of the midge Chironomus thummi [20].
• We have purified and characterised an apparently novel nuclear 42-kDa casein kinase from epithelial cells of Chironomus tentans which comigrates with a phosphoprotein associated with transcriptionally active salivary gland genes [21].

Associations of Chironomidae with chemical compounds

• Transcription of the Balbiani ring (BR) genes of the dipteran Chironomus tentans was inhibited by teh nucleoside analogue DRB (5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl benzimidazole) [22].
• The activity of Chironomus RNA is sensitive to u.v. irradiation with low fluence affecting less than 2% of the pyrimidine bases [23].
• 0. Such an effect is not observed in A. limacina myoglobin (in the absence of the acetate/acetic acid mixture) and Chironomus thummi thummi erythrocruorin [24].
• Resonance Raman spectroscopy has been employed to detect the iron-proximal histidine stretching mode in deoxyhemoglobins from insect larvae of Chironomus thummi thummi (CTT) [25].
• In the cells of the midge Chironomus, almost all of the HMGA protein (cHMGA) is phosphorylated by CK2 at two adjacent sites [26].

Gene context of Chironomidae

• The CBC is highly conserved, and antibodies against human CBP20 cross-react with the CBP20 counterpart in the dipteran Chironomus tentans [27].
• Genes homologous to nanos were identified from Drosophila virilis, the housefly Musca domestica, and the midge Chironomus samoensis [28].
• Electrospray ionization mass spectroscopic analyses revealed that Drosophila HMGD and Chironomus HMG1a and HMG1b are double-phosphorylated and that Drosophila HMGZ is triple-phosphorylated [19].
• Developmental effects of a chimeric ultraspiracle gene derived from Drosophila and Chironomus [29].
• Two forms, CtUSP-1 and CtUSP-2, of the Chironomus tentans homolog of Ultraspiracle (new nomenclature: Chironomus NR2B4) were described and verified as components of the functional ecdysteroid receptor [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Chironomidae

• When protein extracts of Chironomus tentans salivary gland nuclei were probed on Western blots with anti-C23 antibody the predominant cross-reacting species was a 110-kDa polypeptide which had an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of protein C23 [31].
• 5 S RNA of Chironomus thummi larvae was purified from total phenol extracted RNA by gel filtration and labelled to about 10(7) dpm/mug with carrier-free iodine-125 [32].
• Inequivalent conformational response of Chironomus hemoglobins to ligation with O2 and CO. A circular-dichrosim and infrared-spectroscopic study [33].
• The development of allergen during metamorphosis of chironomids, Chironomus yoshimatsui and Tokunagayusurika akamusi, was studied by means of ELISA inhibition with pooled serum containing high titer of specific IgE to each adult midge [34].
• Molecular cloning and characterization of tropomyosin, a major allergen of Chironomus kiiensis, a dominant species of nonbiting midges in Korea [35].

References