Disease relevance of RPS12

• High-frequency gene replacement in cyanobacteria using a heterologous rps12 gene [1].
• For this purpose, we previously devised a simple genetic method, termed rps12-mediated gene replacement, in a cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 for construction of mutants free from drug resistance markers [1].
• Here, we improved the method by employing a heterologous rps12 gene encoding a ribosomal protein S12 from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 [1].
• In cytoplasmic male-sterile Petunia lines, NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (nad3) and ribosomal protein S12 (rps12) are cotranscribed with the chimeric gene pcf and located in the region of the mitochondrial genome associated with cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) in Petunia [2].

High impact information on RPS12

• The functional rps12 protein must be imported from the cytoplasm since the deleted sequences of this gene are not found in the Oenothera mitochondrial genome [3].
• Part of the well-conserved ribosomal protein gene rps12 also encoded downstream of nad3 in other plants, is lost in Oenothera mitochondria by recombination events [3].
• A Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein Facilitates the trans-Splicing of the Maize Chloroplast rps12 Pre-mRNA [4].
• Microarray analysis of RNA that coimmunoprecipitates with PPR4 showed that PPR4 is associated in vivo with the first intron of the plastid rps12 pre-mRNA, a group II intron that is transcribed in segments and spliced in trans. ppr4 mutants were recovered through a reverse-genetic screen and shown to be defective for rps12 trans-splicing [4].
• However, because only the edited translation products accumulate in mitochondrial ribosomes, the overall expression of rps12 is rendered coherent by the selection[5]

Biological context of RPS12

• These results allow the distinct possibility of employing the ribosomal protein S12 gene as an early molecular diagnostic identifier for the screening of human cervical cancer and a potential target employed for cancer gene therapy trials [6].
• To test whether multiple forms of RPS12 proteins are produced in petunia mitochondria as a result of partial editing, we probed mitochondrial proteins with specific antibodies against edited and unedited forms of a 13-amino-acid RPS12 peptide spanning two amino acids affected by RNA editing [7].
• During evolution the maize mitochondrial ribosomal protein subunit 12 (rps12) gene recombined with intron 1 of the ribosomal protein subunit 3 (rps3) gene and a region of the S1-like sequence of the 2.3 kb plasmid [8].
• These recombinations created a second copy of an internal portion of the rps12 gene, known as rps12b, which includes the first four editing sites of rps12 transcripts [8].
• Instead, P(0) is an artifact of cross-amplification caused by a pseudogene of the highly expressed ribosomal protein S12 gene Rps12 [9].

Anatomical context of RPS12

• Moreover, we show that RPS12 proteins recognized by both edited-specific and unedited-specific antibodies are present in a petunia mitochondrial ribosome fraction [7].

Associations of RPS12 with chemical compounds

• Although such resistance is often mediated by mutations within rrs, a 16S rRNA gene or rpsL, which encodes the ribosomal protein S12, these mutations are found in a limited proportion of clinically isolated streptomycin-resistant M. tuberculosis strains [10].

Other interactions of RPS12

• The CR4 and RPS12 transcripts are the size of unedited RNAs suggesting that they are processed [11].
• The human gene RPMS12 encodes a protein similar to bacterial ribosomal protein S12 and is proposed to represent the human mitochondrial orthologue [12].
• The str operon includes the structural genes rpsL (ribosomal protein S12), rpsG (ribosomal protein S7), fus (translation elongation factor EF-G) and tuf (translation elongation factor EF-Tu) [13].
• A guide RNA (gRNA) cDNA library was constructed and five gRNAs were identified, one for editing the ribosomal protein S12 mRNA, three for editing the cytochrome oxidase subunit I mRNA, and one for editing the cytochrome b mRNA [14].
• The first ORF, Pcf, contains parts of the atp9 and coxII genes and an unidentified reading frame, urf-s. The second and third ORFs contain NADH dehydrogenase subunit 3 (nad3) and ribosomal protein S12 (rps12) sequences, respectively [15].

References