Disease relevance of PTCD1

• In 11 patients PTCD was performed as a preoperative measure either to outline tumor extension or to treat cholangitis [1].
• PTCD caused a bacterial peritonitis, of which the patient died [1].
• The use of ultrasound-guided PTCD in 49 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma was evaluated [1].
• PTCD was successful in treating eight of ten patients with cholangitis and 12 of 16 patients with pruritus [1].
• Arrest of PTCD-induced hemorrhage using a covered vascular metal stent [2].

High impact information on PTCD1

• The molecular cloning of nuclear genes that restore fertility (i.e. restorer-of-fertility genes) has identified genes encoding pentatricopeptide-repeat proteins as key regulators of plant mitochondrial gene expression [3].
• These findings add trans-splicing to the list of RNA-related functions associated with PPR proteins and suggest that plastid group II trans-splicing is performed by different machineries in vascular plants and algae [4].
• A Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein Facilitates the trans-Splicing of the Maize Chloroplast rps12 Pre-mRNA [4].
• Genetic, biochemical, and bioinformatic data suggest that many PPR proteins influence specific posttranscriptional steps in mitochondrial or chloroplast gene expression and that they may typically bind RNA [4].
• Genome-wide analysis of Arabidopsis pentatricopeptide repeat proteins reveals their essential role in organelle biogenesis [5].

Chemical compound and disease context of PTCD1

• Eighteen patients with total extrahepatic cholestasis undergoing PTCD were classified into three groups, depending on the bilirubin decrease rate at two weeks after PTCD [6].
• Leigh syndrome French Canadian (LSFC) is a variant of cytochrome oxidase deficiency found in Québec and caused by mutations in the LRPPRC (leucine-rich pentatricopeptide repeat cassette) gene [7].

Biological context of PTCD1

• A pentatricopeptide repeat protein is a site recognition factor in chloroplast RNA editing [8].
• The petuniaRf gene is a member of the pentatricopeptide repeat gene family (PPR), an unusually large gene family in Arabidopsis (approximately 450 genes) compared with yeast (five genes) and mammalian genomes (six genes) [9].
• The PPR motif is a highly degenerate unit of 35 amino acids and appears as tandem repeats in proteins that are involved in RNA maturation steps in mitochondria and plastids [10].
• The genomic fragment contained a single open reading frame encoding 18 repeats of the 35 amino acid pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) motif [11].
• Despite being located in a region of high gene conservation, sorghum PPR13 was not located in a colinear position on rice chromosome 12 [12].

Anatomical context of PTCD1

• A chloroplast-localized PPR protein required for plastid ribosome accumulation [13].
• The PPR protein family is particularly large in plants, where the majority of family members are predicted to be targeted to mitochondria or chloroplasts [13].
• Of these patients, 11 received non-manipulated grafts, five received 'partially TCD' (PTCD) and a further seven received 'fully TCD' (FTCD) bone marrow [14].
• The Rf1 locus was resolved to a 32-kb region spanning four open reading frames: a plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPase, a cyclin D-1, an unknown protein, and a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR13) gene family member [12].
• Retrospectively, the pseudoaneurysm must have led to a compression of the common bile duct, since the patient did not develop cholestasis after embolization and removal of the PTCD [15].

Associations of PTCD1 with chemical compounds

• PTC and PTCD are left for those patients in whom ERCP has failed [16].

Other interactions of PTCD1

• We also report the first direct identification, to our knowledge, of PPR (pentatricopeptide repeat) proteins in the plant mitochondrial proteome [17].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of PTCD1

• RNA immunoprecipitation and microarray analysis show a chloroplast Pentatricopeptide repeat protein to be associated with the 5' region of mRNAs whose translation it activates [18].
• In 20 inoperable patients with tumor diameter smaller than 3 cm and in whom at least one catheter could be manipulated through the tumor, PTCD was combined with internal and external radiotherapy [1].
• The non-surgical methods included keeping original drainage unobstructed, percutaneous abdominal paracentesis or drainage, percutaneous transhepatic cholangial/biliary drainage (PTCD/PTBD),endoscopic management, traditional Chinese medicine and so on [19].
• Prior to a diagnostic needle biopsy a PTCD was performed in this case presenting with dilated intrahepatic bile ducts and having a history of Billroth II operation [15].
• Northern blot further confirmed the increased production at transcriptional level of LOX, C4H, PDH, PPO, PPR, and APase [20].

References