Disease relevance of Recombination, Genetic

• The recA protein, which is essential for genetic recombination in E. coli, promotes the homologous pairing of double-stranded DNA and linear single-stranded DNA, thereby forming a three-stranded joint molecule called a D loop [1].
• An analyses of the RCCX structures in 22 salt-losing, congenital adrenal hyperplasia patients revealed a significant increase in the monomodular structure with a long C4 gene linked to the pseudogene CYP21A, and bimodular structures with two CYP21A, which are likely generated by recombinations between heterozygous RCCX length variants [2].
• The beta protein of bacteriophage lambda acts in homologous genetic recombination by catalyzing the annealing of complementary single-stranded DNA produced by the lambda exonuclease [3].
• Applying a recently developed PCR method, we have been able to detect the most commonly occurring illegitimate recombinations between alpha-chain switch region (S alpha) and c-myc in preneoplastic B cells residing in mesenteric oil granuloma (OG) tissues 7-30 days postpristane [4].
• To initially determine the effect that base-pair mismatch has on homologous recombination in mammalian cells, we have studied genetic recombination between thymidine kinase (tk) gene sequences from herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 [5].

High impact information on Recombination, Genetic

• The clustered changes in the mutant genes are consistent with the hypothesis that genetic recombination between class-I genes generates the Kb mutants [6].
• Mismatch repair in replication fidelity, genetic recombination, and cancer biology [7].
• The observed nonhomologous recombinations are entirely dependent on the 3' hydroxyl group of the 5' fragment, and are due to a splicing-like reaction in which RNA secondary structure guides the attack of this 3' hydroxyl on phosphoester bonds within the 3' fragment [8].
• Yeast RAD51 gene functions in genetic recombination and DNA double-strand break repair [9].
• Meiotic recombinations suggest that the gene is flanked by D17S805 on the centromeric and D17S783, D17S959, D17S842 and D17S925 on the telomeric side [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Recombination, Genetic

• Expression of the Escherichia coli dam methylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: effect of in vivo adenine methylation on genetic recombination and mutation [11].
• Action of ethyl and methyl methane sulfonates on DNA injection and genetic recombination in T7 bacteriophage [12].
• The effects of genetic recombination between strains, recently found to be significant on a large scale in E. coli, are also apparent in the region between trp and tonB [13].
• High-frequency homologous genetic recombination of an arterivirus, lactate dehydrogenase-elevating virus, in mice and evolution of neuropathogenic variants [14].
• Two inhibitors of replicative deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis, nalidixic acid (NAL) and 6-(p-hydroxyphenylazo)-uracil (HPUra), showed different effects on genetic recombination and DNA repair in Bacillus subtilis [15].

Biological context of Recombination, Genetic

• In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, of the many genes required for excision repair of ultraviolet-damaged DNA, only RAD1 and RAD10 also function in genetic recombination [16].
• More than 90% of these mutations result from intergenic recombinations between CYP21 and the closely linked CYP21P pseudogene [17].
• DNA mismatch-repair systems exist that repair mispaired bases formed during DNA replication, genetic recombination and as a result of damage to DNA [18].
• Recent studies have shed light on the roles of RecQ helicases in suppressing 'promiscuous' genetic recombination and in ensuring accurate chromosome segregation [19].
• By thus exploiting historical recombinations in haplotype analysis, EPM1 could be assigned to the approximately 175-kb interval between the markers D21S2040 and D21S1259 [20].

Anatomical context of Recombination, Genetic

• Detection of recombinations between c-myc and immunoglobulin switch alpha in murine plasma cell tumors and preneoplastic lesions by polymerase chain reaction [21].
• Migration of cells with immunoglobulin/c-myc recombinations in lymphoid tissues of mice [22].
• To learn how such switch recombinations occur in the absence of a switch region upstream of the C delta 1 exon, we isolated seven more BALB/c and two C57BL/6 IgD-secreting hybridomas [23].
• Heterologous recombinations of ureteric bud with either limb or lung mesenchyme demonstrate that expression of BMP7 is maintained in this epithelial structure [24].
• To define the tissue requirements for Msx1 function, we performed tissue recombinations between wild-type and Msx1 mutant dental epithelium and mesenchyme [25].

Associations of Recombination, Genetic with chemical compounds

• From the epithelial and mesenchymal components, reciprocal recombinations were prepared and cultivated on millipore filter in the presence of testosterone [26].
• These findings show that, in contrast to the situation in prokaryotes, starvation for thymine nucleotides in yeast induces genetic recombination but is not mutagenic [27].
• However, we find that proline, unlike these residues but like glycine, at position 12 causes helix termination at positions 11 and 12, a result that suggests that the p21 protein product with proline at position 12 may exhibit lowered transforming potential, in agreement with the results of recent genetic recombination experiments [28].
• The RAD52 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is involved in genetic recombination and DNA repair, was cloned by transformation of rad52-1 mutant cells to methyl methanesulfonate resistance with BamHI fragments of Rad+ genomic DNA inserted into the Escherichia coli-S. cerevisiae shuttle vector YRp7 [29].
• Induction, by thymidylate stress, of genetic recombination as evidenced by deletion of a transferred genetic marker in mouse FM3A cells [30].

Gene context of Recombination, Genetic

• The gene for 21-hydroxylase deficiency was separated by genetic recombination from the HLA-A locus and from the locus for glyoxalase I-polymorphism [31].
• The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RAD52 gene plays a pivotal role in genetic recombination [32].
• Screening of COL9A1 for mutations in the two probands from the families in which this gene was not involved in the recombinations failed to identify any disease-causing mutations [33].
• We have identified mutations in MSH2 that do not disrupt genetic recombination but confer a strong defect in mismatch repair [34].
• In addition to their role in mismatch repair (MMR), the MSH2 and MSH3 gene products are required to remove 3' nonhomologous DNA tails during genetic recombination [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Recombination, Genetic

• Sequence analysis indicated that TURF 2H3 originated by recombinations among portions of the flanking and/or coding regions of the maize mitochondrial 26S ribosomal gene, the ATPase subunit 6 gene, and the chloroplast tRNA-Arg gene [35].
• We developed a direct PCR method to screen for recombinations between c-myc and S alpha [21].
• To determine whether multiple recombinations on a single kappa allele can contribute to the formation of productive V-J genes through corrective recombinations, we have examined several Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed pre-B-cell clones which rearrange the kappa locus during cell culture [36].
• We have studied the expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-beta 1) RNA during mouse tooth development, using in situ hybridization and experimental tissue recombinations [37].
• The developmental potentials of mouse embryo premigratory cranial neural crest cells (CNC - explanted from the caudal mesencephalic and rostral metencephalic neural folds) have been studied in intraocular homograft recombinations with various regions of embryonic surface ectoderm [38].

References