Disease relevance of ADE1

• Starting with the previously cloned ADE1 gene (J. C. Crowley and D. B. Kaback, J. Bacteriol. 159:413-417, 1984), a series of recombinant lambda bacteriophages containing 82 kilobases of contiguous DNA from chromosome I were obtained by overlap hybridization [1].
• Its 5' half is homologous to Bacillus subtilis SAICAR synthetase (E.C.6.3.2.6.) and its 3' terminal half corresponds to the catalytic subunit of Escherichia coli and B. subtilis AIR carboxylase (E.C.4.1.1.21) [2].

High impact information on ADE1

• Ade1(+) Leu2(+) transformants were recovered in which the entire LEU2 gene and as much as 7 kb of additional sequences were found on the plasmid, joined by microhomologies characteristic of nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) [3].
• The cDNA that complemented ade2 (phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase) also complemented ade1 (phosphoribosylaminoimidazole succinocarboxamide synthetase), supporting earlier data suggesting that in some organisms these functions are part of a bifunctional protein [4].
• Molecular cloning of chromosome I DNA from Saccharomyces cerevisiae: isolation and analysis of the CEN1-ADE1-CDC15 region [1].
• The polypeptide fold for residues 204-221 of the E. coli structure differs significantly from those of the ligand-free SAICAR synthetase from Thermatoga maritima and the adenine nucleotide complexes of the synthetase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae [5].
• RNA prepared from the galactose-induced yeast cultures possesses an activity that cleaves ADE1 mRNA in vitro [6].

Biological context of ADE1

• Linearization of plasmids at a unique restriction site within the ADE1 gene prior to transformation substantially increased its frequency [7].
• ADE1 was localized at chromosome III, closely linked to the mating type gene, making it a convenient marker for mating type [8].
• The deduced amino acid sequence (291 residues) had 65.6% homology with that of ADE1 of S. cerevisiae (306 residues) [9].
• A directed DNA sequencing strategy based upon Tn3 transposon mutagenesis: application to the ADE1 locus on Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome I [10].
• A hammerhead ribozyme inhibits ADE1 gene expression in yeast [11].

Anatomical context of ADE1

• In agreement with these homologies, pADE2H1 clones complement both ade1 and ade2 mutants of S. cerevisiae, as was also recently reported for a 3.1 kb cDNA isolated from human hepatocytes [2].
• Mutants in the adenine biosynthetic pathway of yeasts (ade1 and ade2 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, ade6 and ade7 of Schizosaccharomyces pombe) accumulate an intense red pigment in their vacuoles when grown under adenine-limiting conditions [12].

Associations of ADE1 with chemical compounds

• The enhancement in mutation induced by nitrous acid, UV light, and 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine has been confirmed in a forward-mutation assay (induction of mutations in the ADE1, ADE2 genes) [13].
• Consistent with this, we find that recombination of a chromosomal ade1 allele with a plasmid-borne ADE1 ORF under the control of the GAL1 promoter increased from 6.1x10(-6) to 1.7x10(-4) when transcription of the plasmid locus was induced by growing the cells in the presence of galactose [14].
• On ADE1 Bas1p bound the promoter efficiently by itself, but required adenine limitation and Bas2p interaction through BIRD for derepression [15].
• The ADE1 gene of the yeast Pichia methanolica encodes phosphoribosyl-5-aminoimidazole-carboxylase (AIRC, EC 4.1.1.21), which is involved in purine biosynthesis [16].
• The ade1 gene of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes a bifunctional polypeptide with glycinamide ribotide synthetase (GARSase) and aminoimidazole ribotide synthetase (AIRSase) enzyme activities [17].

Regulatory relationships of ADE1

• An expression plasmid containing the ADE1 coding region under control of the PHO5 promoter produced N-succinyl-5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribotide (SAICAR) synthetase in yeast cells at a level of 40% of total cellular protein [18].

Other interactions of ADE1

• We describe the isolation and characterization of three new biosynthetic genes-ARG4, ADE1, and URA3-from the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris [19].
• A new protein kinase gene [called NPK1 (for nonessential protein kinase)] has been found on chromosome I of Saccharomyces cerevisiae between CDC15 and ADE1 [20].
• Nonselective URA3 colony-color assay in yeast ade1 or ade2 mutants [21].
• Crossing these three strains with two other ones having markers for ADE1 and pho11::LEU2, we could map the mutation at ca. 4.3 cM and ca. 37.7 cM from the PHO11 and ADE1 loci respectively [22].
• A two-stage, cyclic fed-batch bioprocess was designed, and its performance evaluated to improve rice alpha-amylase productivity by the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica SMY2 (MatA, ade1, ura3, xpr2), ATCC 201847, containing a replicative plasmid coding for a rice alpha-amlyase [23].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of ADE1

• Electron microscopy of R-loop-containing DNA indicated the location of the ADE1 gene on the plasmid insert [24].
• Northern blotting analysis of total cellular RNA extracted from transformed yeast cells confirmed the presence of high levels of antisense RNA to ADE1 mRNA within cells [25].

References