Disease relevance of Glycine amide hydrochloride

• The transport of the amino acid amide N-[3H]sarcosinamide (methyl glycinamide) was investigated in human glioma SK-MG-1 cells [1].
• Glycinamide ribotide transformylase from Escherichia coli was obtained free of N5,N10-methenyltetrahydrofolate cyclohydrolase activity by DEAE-cellulose chromatography [2].
• To try to lower the pH optimum, the carboxy groups of Arthrobacter D-xylose isomerase were coupled to glycinamide using a water-soluble carbodi-imide [3].
• Active and inactive L-prolyl-L-leucyl glycinamide synthetic analogs in rat models of levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease [4].
• A possible reaction mechanism for the dehydration of glycinamide (3) and N,N'-diformylurea (4) yielding hypoxanthine (2) has been investigated [5].

High impact information on Glycine amide hydrochloride

• The removal of glycinamide from the carboxy terminus of AVP drastically reduces its characteristic vasopressor and antidiuretic activities [6].
• Asn102 of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor is a critical determinant of potency for agonists containing C-terminal glycinamide [7].
• These results, together with the sequence of the S. cerevisiae ADE8 gene encoding glycinamide ribotide transformylase, show that the entire Drosophila large polypeptide can be accounted for by the three enzymatic activities [8].
• As a model for mechanistic comparison with peptidyl transfer within the ribosome, the reaction of aqueous glycinamide with N-formylphenylalanine trifluoroethyl ester (fPhe-TFE) represents an improvement over earlier model reactions involving Tris [9].
• The transport of glycinamide across Caco-2 cell monolayers occurred via passive diffusion with an apparent permeability coefficient of about 2 x 10(-6) cm s(-1), which suggests that it is absorbed by the oral route in sufficient amounts to be considered for oral administration [10].

Biological context of Glycine amide hydrochloride

• Hydrolysis start from the N-terminal end, as shown by the appearance of proline as the first metabolite of the MIF degradation, followed by leucine, glycinamide, leucylglycine, and glycine [11].
• Tmax and t1/2 were significantly increased and Cmax and AUC values were decreased for glycinamide compared to controls [12].
• This was carried out by investigating the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (anticonvulsant activity and neurotoxicity) of the following four phthalimide derivatives: phthaloyl glycine, phthaloyl glycinamide, N,N-diethyl phthaloyl glycinamide and N,N-diisopropyl phthaloyl glycinamide [13].
• The kinetics of hydrolysis of acetamide, propionamide, butyramide, acrylamide, benzamide, phenylalaninamide, alaninamide, glycinamide, and leucinamide were determined [14].
• Asp2, Trp4 and the C-terminal glycinamide have been challenged by classical amino acid substitutions with the aim of elucidating the structural requirements responsible for NK2 subtype selectivity [15].

Anatomical context of Glycine amide hydrochloride

• Glycinamide retained antiretroviral activity in vitro after transport through the Caco-2 cell monolayers [10].
• Interaction of L-prolyl-L-leucyl glycinamide with dopamine D2 receptor: evidence for modulation of agonist affinity states in bovine striatal membranes [16].
• Simple and rapid micro-analytical procedures for the estimation of milacemide and its metabolite glycinamide in rat plasma and cerebrospinal fluid by high-performance liquid chromatography [17].
• We investigated the influence of milacemide, a glycinamide derivative with putative antiepileptic activity, on the K(+)-activation of Na+,K(+)-ATPase in bulk isolated glial cells and synaptosomes of control and epileptogenic cortex of cats with a chronic freeze lesion [18].
• Pancreastatin is a 49 amino acid peptide originally isolated from porcine pancreas on the basis of its C-terminal glycinamide as isolation criterion [19].

Associations of Glycine amide hydrochloride with other chemical compounds

• Lysine residues in the detergent-solubilized P450 17alpha and in the proteoliposomes were acetylated with acetic anhydride at pH 9.0, and the acidic amino acid residues were conjugated with glycinamide at pH 5.0 by the aid of a coupling reagent, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride [20].
• In contrast, CSF glycinamide concentrations rose linearly and dose-dependently with Cmax values 2.5, 3.2 and 4.1 times greater than the corresponding values for serum glycinamide after giving 100, 200 and 400 mg kg-1 respectively of milacemide [12].
• Pretreatment with clorgyline (5 mg kg-1), a specific inhibitor of MAO-type A, only moderately decreased glycinamide Cmax and AUC values [12].
• Multitargeted antifolate (MTA, LY231514) is a novel antifolate antimetabolite, with antitumor activity via inhibition of thymidylate synthase, glycinamide formyl transferase, and dihydrofolate reductase [21].
• The mutation purR6::Tn10 was shown to affect de novo synthesis of the purine enzymes glutamine phosphoribosylpyrophosphate amidotransferase (purF) and phosphoribosyl glycinamide synthetase (purD) [22].

Gene context of Glycine amide hydrochloride

• Syntheses and biological properties are reported for two analogs of oxytocin in which the glycinamide and the leucylglycinamide moiety, respectively, have been deleted from the parent hormone [23].
• In conclusion, the tripeptide GPG-amide acts as a prodrug that is activated by CD26 to release the orally active antiretroviral compound glycinamide [10].
• 3. Pretreatment with L-deprenyl (2 mg kg-1), a specific inhibitor of monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B), almost completely prevented the formation of glycinamide and increased milacemide accumulation in CSF [12].
• Valproyl glycinamide, a new antiepileptic drug currently undergoing phase II clinical trials and its major metabolite valproyl glycine were weak mEH inhibitors [24].
• Because the enzyme responsible for the cleavage of glycinamide from AVP was likely to be trypsin, experiments with aprotinin, a trypsin inhibitor, were conducted [25].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Glycine amide hydrochloride

• Unlike glycine or glycinamide, Z-glycinamide and N-Z,N'-benzyl glycinamide showed antiepileptic activity in animal models due to their better pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties [26].
• Succinyl glycinamide derivatization provided the basis of an efficient radioimmunoassay [27].
• Valproyl glycinamide (TV 1901-VPGD) is a new antiepileptic drug, which is currently undergoing clinical trials [28].
• The products [des-Gly-NH2(10)]-LH-RH, glycinamide and unhydrolyzed LH-RH were identified and shown to be homogeneous by amino acid analysis and high-voltage paper electrophoresis at pH 2.1 and 3.5 and recovered in yields of 58, 65 and 23%, respectively [29].

References