Disease relevance of N

• Phylogenetic studies of N protein sequences showed clearly that ABLV is an unrecognised member of the Lyssavirus genus and represents a new genotype, genotype 7 [1].
• Structural relationship between nucleocapsid-binding activity of the rabies virus phosphoprotein (P) and exposure of epitope 402-13 located at the C terminus [2].
• The nucleocapsid antigen translated from N-mRNA in oocytes migrated to the same position in the gel as marker virion N protein [3].
• It contained the virus RNA, the major nucleocapsid protein, N (mol. wt. 58.5 X 10(3)), and small amounts of a large protein, L (mol. wt. 170 X 10(3)) [4].
• For this approach, the SARS-CoV nucleocapsid protein (N) or envelope spike protein (S) genes were cloned between the RV glycoprotein G and polymerase L genes [5].

High impact information on N

• Here we report that the nucleocapsid of the rabies virus is an exogenous superantigen specific for V beta 8 human T lymphocytes which binds to HLA class II alpha-chains [6].
• NC was also found to stimulate rabies vaccination by enhancing the rabies neutralizing antibody response [7].
• The clonal deletion of T cells bearing a particular V beta demonstrates that NC is a SAg in mice [8].
• Single NC injection in footpad resulted in a three- to sixfold expansion of V beta 6 CD4+ T cells, but not of CD8+ T cells, in the draining lymph nodes of BALB/c mice [8].
• T cell lines that displayed significant proliferative responses to whole rabies virus and to preparations of rabies glycoprotein and nucleocapsid were obtained from all the individuals [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of N

• Rabies virus-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) have served to describe operationally the topography of the antigenic structure of the glycoprotein and nucleocapsid proteins of rabies virus [10].

Biological context of N

• The nucleotide sequence of the prototype strain of ABLV was determined from the initiator methionine codon for the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) to the amino terminus of the polymerase gene (L protein), a distance of 5344 nucleotides [1].
• The NC capacity to induce a secondary antibody response was tested in vitro [11].
• Antigenic diversity of the glycoprotein and nucleocapsid proteins of rabies and rabies-related viruses: implications for epidemiology and control of rabies [10].
• Our results provide support for a model of viral nucleocapsid axoplasmic transport [12].
• Comparisons with the amino acid sequences of N proteins of other paramyxoviruses, vesicular stomatitis virus and Ebola virus suggest that these proteins may have retained much of the same structure [13].

Anatomical context of N

• T cell activation was measured with a bulk proliferative assay and relative frequencies of circulating NC-specific PBL were calculated with the limiting dilution technique [11].
• The four viruses showed positive fluorescence with all NC hybridomas except MAb 422-5, confirming them as true rabies virus isolates [14].
• In non-responders, NC-specific lymphocytes were up to 25 times less common than virus-specific ones [11].
• Nucleocapsid specific T and B cell responses in humans after rabies vaccination [11].
• Several T cell clones were isolated from two of these cell lines, and most of them appeared to be specific for the antigenic components of the viral nucleocapsid [9].

Associations of N with chemical compounds

• The percent relatedness of the ABLV proteins when compared to the cognate proteins of PV (Pasteur vaccine strain) rabies was 92, 75, 87 and 75% for the N, P, M and G proteins, respectively [1].
• Infected cells were lysed with a deoxycholate-free lysis buffer and separated by ultracentrifugation into the soluble top and the nucleocapsid fractions [15].
• The protein was either purified on a CsCl gradient, resulting in a mixture of nucleocapsid-like structures and beaded rings, as observed by electron microscopy, or on a glycerol gradient that resulted in a preparation of the rings only [16].

Other interactions of N

• When the P proteins were released from the NC, however, they were no longer recognized by the mAb [2].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of N

• Forty-three of the Mabs were directed against the glycoprotein and 27 were directed against the nucleocapsid as determined by enzyme immunoassays and neutralization tests [17].
• In the anti-NC MAb characterisation with a panel of 34 additional MAbs, all isolates displayed positive staining with 32 of the MAbs, were negative with MAb 102-27 and all displayed poor immunofluorescence with MAb 377-7 [18].
• The apparent infection of NA-C1300 cell cultures by nucleocapsid material of the Canadian Arctic strain of rabies virus [19].
• Monoclonal antibodies directed either against the nucleocapsid or the glycoprotein of rabies virus were reacted by indirect immunofluorescence and mouse neutralization tests with vaccine strains and rabies field isolates of various origin [20].
• Virus-cell tropism was determined by immunofluorescence assay for rabies nucleocapsid antigen and cell permissivity was assessed by titration of virus yields [21].

References