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MeSH Review

Pythium

 
 
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Disease relevance of Pythium

 

High impact information on Pythium

  • The RpoS- mutant overproduced pyoluteorin and 2,4-diacetyl-phloroglucinol, two antibiotics that inhibit growth of the phytopathogenic fungus Pythium ultimum, and was superior to the wild type in suppression of seedling damping-off of cucumber caused by Pythium ultimum [4].
  • Both axr1-24 and the previously characterized axr1-3 allele were shown to be susceptible to the opportunistic pathogen Pythium irregulare, a trait found in other jasmonate response mutants, including jar1-1 [5].
  • High-level production of gamma-linolenic acid in Brassica juncea using a delta6 desaturase from Pythium irregulare [6].
  • Induction of systemic resistance to Pythium damping-off in cucumber plants by benzothiadiazole: ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the host response [7].
  • Identification of a Novel 74-Kilodalton Immunodominant Antigen of Pythium insidiosum Recognized by Sera from Human Patients with Pythiosis [8].
 

Chemical compound and disease context of Pythium

 

Biological context of Pythium

  • Compared to the parental strain, the grrA, grrS, and rpoS mutants were markedly less capable of suppressing Rhizoctonia solani and Pythium aphanidermatum under greenhouse conditions, indicating the dependence of strain IC1270's biocontrol property on the GrrA/GrrS and RpoS global regulators [11].
  • Descriptions of the morphological and reproductive aspects of Pythium prolatum, the polymerase chain reaction of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of the ribosomal nuclear DNA as well as the nucleotide sequences of ITS1 coding for 5.8S rRNA are given [12].
  • A diagnosis of Pythium insidiosum infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry, immunoblot serology, culture, and polymerase chain reaction [13].
 

Associations of Pythium with chemical compounds

  • In both plant species, ethylene insensitivity enhanced susceptibility to the Pythium spp., as evidenced by both a higher disease index and a higher percentage of diseased plants [14].
  • Effect of coumarin on growth and metabolism of Pythium [15].
  • Oligandrin is a 10 kDa acidic protein produced by the fungus micromycete Pythium oligandrum and is a member of the alpha-elicitin group, with sterol- and lipid-carrier properties [16].
  • The effect of addition of a municipal solid waste (MSW) compost and its water-soluble and humic fraction to suppress the effect of Pythium ultimum on pea plants was studied and compared with that of a chemical pesticide (metalaxyl) [17].
  • When cells were transferred to alkaloid production medium the induction of strictosidine synthase activity preceded that of tryptophan decarboxylase by many hours even when cells were also treated with Pythium elicitor [18].
 

Gene context of Pythium

  • The enhancement of LEalpha-DOX1 expression in roots by salt, wounding and challenge with Pythium aphanidermatum (Edson) Fitzp. suggests that alpha-DOX-generated oxylipins may mediate the response of roots to these environmental stresses [19].
  • The putative gymnosperm plant defensin polypeptide (SPI1) accumulates after seed germination, is not readily released, and the SPI1 levels are reduced in Pythium dimorphum-infected spruce roots [20].
  • When rpoD was carried by an IncP vector in strain CHA0, the production of both antibiotics was increased severalfold and, in parallel, protection of cucumber against disease caused by Pythium ultimum was improved, in comparison with strain CHA0 [21].
  • The MIC of purified SAP against Pythium porphyrae was determined to be 1.6 microg/disk, whereas no inhibitory effect was observed at concentrations up to 100 microg/disk against most of the fungal and bacterial strains tested; the only exception was relatively strong antifungal activity against Pythium ultimum (MIC, 6.3 microg/disk) [22].
  • About one-half of the ribosomal repeat unit of two isolates of Pythium ultimum was amplified by means of the polymerase chain reaction using one primer pair [23].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pythium

References

  1. Trehalose induces antagonism towards Pythium debaryanum in Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400. Gaballa, A., Abeysinghe, P.D., Urich, G., Matthijs, S., De Greve, H., Cornelis, P., Koedam, N. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (1997) [Pubmed]
  2. Cure of orthopaedic infection with Scedosporium prolificans, using voriconazole plus terbinafine, without the need for radical surgery. Gosbell, I.B., Toumasatos, V., Yong, J., Kuo, R.S., Ellis, D.H., Perrie, R.C. Mycoses (2003) [Pubmed]
  3. Immunobiological diagnosis of tropical ocular diseases: Toxocara, Pythium insidiosum, Pseudomonas (Burkholderia) pseudomallei, Mycobacterium chelonei and Toxoplasma gondii. Srimuang, S., Roongruangchai, K., Lawtiantong, T., Chusattayanond, A.D., Warrasak, S., Sahaphong, S., Tanphaichitra, D. International journal of tissue reactions. (1996) [Pubmed]
  4. The sigma factor sigma s affects antibiotic production and biological control activity of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. Sarniguet, A., Kraus, J., Henkels, M.D., Muehlchen, A.M., Loper, J.E. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. (1995) [Pubmed]
  5. An Arabidopsis mutant defective in jasmonate response is allelic to the auxin-signaling mutant axr1. Tiryaki, I., Staswick, P.E. Plant Physiol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  6. High-level production of gamma-linolenic acid in Brassica juncea using a delta6 desaturase from Pythium irregulare. Hong, H., Datla, N., Reed, D.W., Covello, P.S., MacKenzie, S.L., Qiu, X. Plant Physiol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  7. Induction of systemic resistance to Pythium damping-off in cucumber plants by benzothiadiazole: ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the host response. Benhamou, N., Bélanger, R.R. Plant J. (1998) [Pubmed]
  8. Identification of a Novel 74-Kilodalton Immunodominant Antigen of Pythium insidiosum Recognized by Sera from Human Patients with Pythiosis. Krajaejun, T., Kunakorn, M., Pracharktam, R., Chongtrakool, P., Sathapatayavongs, B., Chaiprasert, A., Vanittanakom, N., Chindamporn, A., Mootsikapun, P. J. Clin. Microbiol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  9. Universally occurring phenylpropanoid and species-specific indolic metabolites in infected and uninfected Arabidopsis thaliana roots and leaves. Tan, J., Bednarek, P., Liu, J., Schneider, B., Svatos, A., Hahlbrock, K. Phytochemistry (2004) [Pubmed]
  10. Chitinolytic and cellulolytic Pseudomonas sp. antagonistic to fungal pathogens enhances nodulation by Mesorhizobium sp. Cicer in chickpea. Sindhu, S.S., Dadarwal, K.R. Microbiol. Res. (2001) [Pubmed]
  11. The global regulator genes from biocontrol strain Serratia plymuthica IC1270: cloning, sequencing, and functional studies. Ovadis, M., Liu, X., Gavriel, S., Ismailov, Z., Chet, I., Chernin, L. J. Bacteriol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  12. Pythium prolatum isolated from soil in the Burgundy region: a new record for Europe. Paul, B., Galland, D., Masih, I. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. (1999) [Pubmed]
  13. Granulomatous pneumonia caused by Pythium insidiosum in a central American jaguar, Panthera onca. Camus, A.C., Grooters, A.M., Aquilar, R.E. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. (2004) [Pubmed]
  14. Ethylene insensitivity impairs resistance to soilborne pathogens in tobacco and Arabidopsis thaliana. Geraats, B.P., Bakker, P.A., van Loon, L.C. Mol. Plant Microbe Interact. (2002) [Pubmed]
  15. Effect of coumarin on growth and metabolism of Pythium. Neto, F.C., Dietrich, S.M. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (1977) [Pubmed]
  16. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of oligandrin, a sterol-carrier elicitor from Pythium oligandrum. Lascombe, M.B., Milat, M.L., Blein, J.P., Panabières, F., Ponchet, M., Prangé, T. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. (2000) [Pubmed]
  17. Effectiveness of municipal waste compost and its humic fraction in suppressing Pythium ultimum. Pascual, J.A., Garcia, C., Hernandez, T., Lerma, S., Lynch, J.M. Microb. Ecol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  18. Elicitor-mediated induction of tryptophan decarboxylase and strictosidine synthase activities in cell suspension cultures of Catharanthus roseus. Eilert, U., De Luca, V., Constabel, F., Kurz, W.G. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. (1987) [Pubmed]
  19. Stress-responsive alpha-dioxygenase expression in tomato roots. Tirajoh, A., Aung, T.S., McKay, A.B., Plant, A.L. J. Exp. Bot. (2005) [Pubmed]
  20. The putative gymnosperm plant defensin polypeptide (SPI1) accumulates after seed germination, is not readily released, and the SPI1 levels are reduced in Pythium dimorphum-infected spruce roots. Fossdal, C.G., Nagy, N.E., Sharma, P., Lönneborg, A. Plant Mol. Biol. (2003) [Pubmed]
  21. Amplification of the housekeeping sigma factor in Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 enhances antibiotic production and improves biocontrol abilities. Schnider, U., Keel, C., Blumer, C., Troxler, J., Défago, G., Haas, D. J. Bacteriol. (1995) [Pubmed]
  22. An antifungal protein from the marine bacterium streptomyces sp. Strain AP77 is specific for Pythium porphyrae, a causative agent of red rot disease in Porphyra spp. Woo, J.H., Kitamura, E., Myouga, H., Kamei, Y. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. (2002) [Pubmed]
  23. Detection of length heterogeneity in the ribosomal DNA of Pythium ultimum by PCR amplification of the intergenic region. Buchko, J., Klassen, G.R. Curr. Genet. (1990) [Pubmed]
  24. Isolation and characterization of a delta5 FA desaturase from Pythium irregulare by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and oilseed crops. Hong, H., Datla, N., MacKenzie, S.L., Qiu, X. Lipids (2002) [Pubmed]
  25. Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray studies of sylvaticin, an elicitin-like protein from Pythium sylvaticum. Lascombe, M.B., Ponchet, M., Cardin, L., Milat, M.L., Blein, J.P., Prangé, T. Acta Crystallogr. D Biol. Crystallogr. (2004) [Pubmed]
 
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