Disease relevance of Pest Control, Biological

• The phlACBD genes responsible for the biosynthesis of the antifungal metabolite 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (PHL) by the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 are regulated at the transcriptional level by the pathway-specific repressor PhlF [1].
• Mycosubtilin overproduction by Bacillus subtilis BBG100 enhances the organism's antagonistic and biocontrol activities [2].
• Mutation of rpiA in Enterobacter cloacae decreases seed and root colonization and biocontrol of damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum on cucumber [3].
• Accumulation of the compatible solutes, glycine-betaine and ectoine, in osmotic stress adaptation and heat shock cross-protection in the biocontrol agent Pantoea agglomerans CPA-2 [4].
• Photorhabdus luminescens, a bacterial symbiont of entomopathogenic biocontrol nematodes, was grown in batch and glucose fed-batch culture [5].

High impact information on Pest Control, Biological

• We have developed an efficient transformation system based on the use of polyethylene glycol and CaCl2 for the biocontrol agents, Trichoderma spp [6].
• To determine the role of surfactin in biocontrol by B. subtilis, we tested a mutant strain, M1, with a deletion in a surfactin synthase gene and, thus, deficient in surfactin production [7].
• Characterization of PhlG, a hydrolase that specifically degrades the antifungal compound 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol in the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 [8].
• A putative role for fusaric acid in biocontrol of the parasitic angiosperm Orobanche ramosa [9].
• However, the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens WCS365, which is able to convert tryptophane into auxin, did not stimulate growth of these three crops [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Pest Control, Biological

• Impact of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens F113 on intraspecific diversity of resident culturable fluorescent pseudomonads associated with the roots of field-grown sugar beet seedlings [11].
• Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 produces the secondary metabolite phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), which is an antifungal metabolite required for biocontrol activity of the strain [12].
• Autoinduction of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol biosynthesis in the biocontrol agent Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 and repression by the bacterial metabolites salicylate and pyoluteorin [13].
• Pseudomonas fluorescens BL915 has been reported to produce pyrrolnitrin and to be an effective biocontrol agent for this pathogen [14].
• The influence of stonewool substrate on the exudation of the major soluble carbon nutrients and of the auxin precursor tryptophane for Pseudomonas biocontrol agents was studied [10].

Biological context of Pest Control, Biological

• Persistence and cell culturability of biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 under plough pan conditions in soil and influence of the anaerobic regulator gene anr [15].
• Insertional mutagenesis of a fungal biocontrol agent led to discovery of a rare cellobiose lipid with antifungal activity [16].
• In contrast, the take-all biocontrol strains P. fluorescens 2-79 and P. aureofaciens 30-84, which produce phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA), do not control this disease [17].
• The phylogeny of biocontrol Pseudomonas strains based on partial hrcN sequences was largely congruent with the phylogenies derived from analyses of rrs (encoding 16S rRNA) and, to a lesser extent, biocontrol genes, such as phlD (for 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol production) and hcnBC (for HCN production) [18].
• Expression of the Trichoderma chitinase genes, ech42 and nag1, which contribute to biocontrol activity, was monitored in vitro and on crop residues of two maize cultivars by using goxA reporter gene fusions [19].

Anatomical context of Pest Control, Biological

• Terpene compounds are involved in the biocontrol process due to their antifungal properties (e.g., ergokonins and viridins) but additionally their structural function in the cell membranes (ergosterol) is essential [20].

Associations of Pest Control, Biological with chemical compounds

• Cross talk between 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol-producing biocontrol pseudomonads on wheat roots [21].
• To determine the role of the amide group in biocontrol, the PCN biosynthetic genes of strain PCL1391 were identified and characterized [17].
• The biocontrol effect in a model grain silo with moist wheat (water activity of 0.96) was enhanced when complex medium, maltose, or glucose was added [22].
• Strain CHA0-Rif(pME3424) overproduces Phl and Plt and displays improved biocontrol efficacy compared with CHA0-Rif [23].
• These results indicate that clp is a global regulatory gene that controls biocontrol traits expressed by L. enzymogenes C3 [24].

Gene context of Pest Control, Biological

• Here, we have studied the role of a MAPK gene, that for TmkA, in conidiation and antagonistic properties of a biocontrol strain of T. virens [25].
• Culture supernatants of strain CHA0 inhibited egg hatching and induced mortality of M. incognita juveniles more strongly than did supernatants of aprA and gacA mutants, suggesting that AprA protease contributes to biocontrol [26].
• We determined whether transgenic strain SJ3-4 of Trichoderma atroviride, which expresses the Aspergillus niger glucose oxidase-encoding gene, goxA, under a homologous chitinase (nag1) promoter had increased capabilities as a fungal biocontrol agent [27].
• A gene (gluc78) encoding an antifungal glucan 1,3-beta-glucosidase was cloned from strain P1 of the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma atroviride (formerly T. harzianum) [28].
• The pyr4 gene, encoding orotidine-5'-phosphate decarboxylase (OMP decarboxylase) from the biocontrol fungus Trichoderma harzianum, has been isolated by hybridization, using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-derived fragment as a probe [29].

References