Disease relevance of Paraben

• Significant homology was observed between the protein encoded by transcript 1 and the adenine binding region of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens, suggesting that the transcript 1 protein binds adenine either as substrate or cofactor [1].
• Purification and characterization of PrbA, a new esterase from Enterobacter cloacae hydrolyzing the esters of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) [2].
• p-Hydroxybenzoic acid synthesis in Mycobacterium tuberculosis [3].
• Inhibition of Clostridium botulinum by p-hydroxybenzoic acid n-alkyl esters [4].
• The protein, expressed in Escherichia coli, catalyzed 4-hydroxybenzoate transport [5].

Psychiatry related information on Paraben

• The optimal results obtained indicate that p-hydroxybenzoic acid can be effectively degraded using Fenton's oxidation within 10-min reaction time by using a molar ratio H2O2: p-hydroxybenzoic acid of 4:1 and H2O2:Fe2+ of 15:1, at 30 degrees C and pH=3 [6].

High impact information on Paraben

• Seven phenolic compounds that are widely distributed among the angiosperm plants--catechol, gallic acid, pyrogallic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, beta-resorcylic acid, and vanillin--are able to induce the expression of the virulence loci [7].
• Methyl p-hydroxybenzoate has been identified in the vaginal secretions of female dogs in estrus [8].
• Distinct changes in fluorescence decays of spFRET-active PHBH can be observed when the enzyme is performing catalysis using both substrates p-hydroxybenzoate and NADPH [9].
• Glycosylated p-hydroxybenzoic acid methyl esters and structurally related phenolphthiocerol glycolipids are important virulence factors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis [3].
• The activity of Arabidopsis glycosyltransferases toward salicylic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and other benzoates [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Paraben

• Chemical modification of tyrosine residues in p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens: assignment in sequence and catalytic involvement [11].
• A single strain of Pseudomonas cepacia cells was differentially induced to synthesize salicylate hydroxylase, 3-hydroxybenzoate 6-hydroxylase, or 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-hydroxylase [12].
• The crystal structures of wild-type p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens, complexed with the substrate analogues 4-aminobenzoate, 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate, and 2-hydroxy-4-aminobenzoate have been determined at 2.3-, 2.5-, and 2.8-A resolution, respectively [13].
• Proline 293 of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa is in a highly conserved region of the flavoprotein aromatic hydroxylases [14].
• The flavoprotein p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens is inactivated by diethyl pyrocarbonate [15].

Biological context of Paraben

• Flavin-oxygen derivatives involved in hydroxylation by p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase [16].
• This model of an important catalytic intermediate fitted very well in the active site of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase [17].
• Cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of a p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase isozyme gene from Pseudomonas fluorescens [18].
• In an extension of substrate specificity studies it was found that p-aminobenzoate is a substrate and 5-hydroxypicolinate is an effector for p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase [16].
• The protein shows 26% identity with alcohol oxidase of Hansenuela polymorpha, and the N terminus has a sequence homologous with the AMP-binding region of other flavoenzymes such as p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase and glutathione reductase [19].

Anatomical context of Paraben

• The heterologously expressed elicitor protein without the secretion signal of 21 amino acids (PaNie(213)) triggered programmed cell death and de novo formation of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid in cultured cells of carrot (Daucus carota) [20].
• Effects of detergents on the properties of 4-hydroxybenzoate. Polyprenyl transferase and the specificity of the polyprenyl pyrophosphate synthetic system in mitochondria [21].
• The relationship between the metabolism and the cytotoxic effects of the alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens) has been studied in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes [22].
• p-Hydroxybenzoate synthase: a complex associated with mitochondrial membranes of roots of Cucumis sativus [23].
• It remains to be determined, however, whether PcaK itself is a chemoreceptor for 4-hydroxybenzoate or whether it plays an indirect role in chemotaxis [5].

Associations of Paraben with other chemical compounds

• Studies on the interaction of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase with NADPH. Effects of pH and substrates on the enzyme . NADPH complex formation [24].
• Reduced 4-thio-FAD p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase, however, in its reaction with O2, undergoes a substantial conversion to the native FAD-enzyme [25].
• pH dependence of the reoxidation of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate complex [26].
• Interdomain binding of NADPH in p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase as suggested by kinetic, crystallographic and modeling studies of histidine 162 and arginine 269 variants [27].
• Fluoride elimination from substrates in hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase [28].

Gene context of Paraben

• The conversion of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid to 3,4-DHBA was significantly increased in the striatum of transgenic ALS mice at baseline but not in mice overexpressing wild-type human SOD1 [29].
• The pobA gene encoding p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (PobA) from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus has been developed as a genetic tool for the analysis of structure-function relationships in this enzyme [30].
• Prior to this investigation, the only known regulatory gene in the pca-qui-pob cluster was pobR, which encodes a transcriptional activator that responds to p-hydroxybenzoate and activates transcription of pobA [31].
• Ubiquinone biosynthesis. Cloning of the genes coding for chorismate pyruvate-lyase and 4-hydroxybenzoate octaprenyl transferase from Escherichia coli [32].
• A previously sequenced long open reading frame that encodes the C-terminal portion of the E. coli ubiA product (4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase, HPTase) shows a high degree of sequence identity with the corresponding segment of yeast HPTase (the COQ2 gene product) [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Paraben

• X-ray crystallography (Schreuder, H. A., Prick, P.A.J., Wieringa, R.K., Vriend, G., Wilson, K.S., Hol, W.G. J., and Drenth, J. (1989) J. Mol. Biol. 208, 679-696) indicates that Tyr-201 and Tyr-385 form a hydrogen bond network with the 4-OH of p-hydroxybenzoate [34].
• Crystallization and preliminary x-ray investigation of p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase from Pseudomonas fluorescens [35].
• In the current study, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) after TBI was monitored with microdialysis and the 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBA) trapping method [36].
• After perfusion, the amount of preservative was reduced (percentage of original concentration after 1 and 4 days 8 and 30% m-cresol and 42 and 72% methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, respectively) [37].
• Genetic engineering of plant secondary metabolism. Accumulation of 4-hydroxybenzoate glucosides as a result of the expression of the bacterial ubiC gene in tobacco [38].

References