Disease relevance of Muscle Hypertonia

• All members affected with dystonia or parkinsonism had increased muscle tone (rigidity), which may represent the minimal clinical expression of DRD [1].
• Intrathecal baclofen appears to be an effective way of eliminating increased muscle tone and spasms which can allow for voluntary motor function when it is present [2].
• TRH also failed to reverse the hypothermia induced by the combination of ethanol and baclophen or GHBA, and the characteristic neurological effects of TRH e.g. tremor, increased muscle tone, and increased respiratory rate were reduced [3].
• Our results revealed that baclofen reduces spastically increased muscle tone and Babinski sign [4].
• A 56-year-old man developed tetraplegia during a 1-hour nap, with loss of volitional control of his extremities, impaired sensation below the C3 dermatome, and increased muscle tone [5].

High impact information on Muscle Hypertonia

• Hereditary hyperekplexia, an autosomal dominant neurologic disorder characterized by an exaggerated startle reflex and neonatal hypertonia, can be caused by mutations in the gene encoding the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor (GLRA1) [6].
• The increased muscle tone was not reduced by subcutaneous administration of apomorphine, despite the presence of a normal population of striatal dopamine receptors [7].
• Microinjection of non-NMDA agonists into peri-locus coeruleus alpha (peri-LC alpha) and nucleus magnocellularis (NMC) suppressed muscle tone, while injection of NMDA agonists at the same sites increased muscle tone and produced locomotion [8].
• The increased muscle tone and extrajunctional AChR suggest and altered neural influence, but the markedly increased creatine phosphokinase activity is more characteristic of muscle damage [9].
• RESULTS: No disturbances in neurologic function were detected in either animal species. intrathecal adenosine caused transient sedation in rats and increased muscle tone in dogs, resolving with continued exposure to drug [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Muscle Hypertonia

• Increased muscle tone and locomotor effects were blocked by NMDA antagonists, and muscle tone suppression effects were blocked by non-NMDA antagonists [8].
• Neurological correlates of fetal cocaine exposure: transient hypertonia of infancy and early childhood [11].
• Circulatory responses over a relatively narrow range of aliflurane concentrations (0.8 to 1.4 MAC) remained stable, but the development of tachypnea, irregular ventilatory patterns, and increased muscle tone were frequently encountered during aliflurane anesthesis [12].
• Increased muscle tone during etretinate therapy [13].
• It was concluded that increased muscle tone is a normal response to suxamethonium and is greater in the masseter than adductor pollicis [14].

Anatomical context of Muscle Hypertonia

• Our results revealed that tizanidine reduces spastically increased muscle tone, but has no influence on muscle force, tendon reflexes, Babinski sign and ankle clonus [15].
• Suppression of increased muscle tone by epidural spinal cord stimulation, an invasive method for treating spasticity, increases segmental concentrations of inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitters, particularly glycine [16].

Gene context of Muscle Hypertonia

• ET-1, ET-2, ET-3 and sarafotoxin S6b (STX) induced rhythmic contractions superimposed on an increased muscle tone [17].
• We report three male siblings born with fatal encephalopathy comprising microcephaly, myoclonus and muscle hypertonia [18].
• Fever (100%), altered sensorium (81.8%), headache (70.6%), neck rigidity (54.0%), abnormal movement (51.3%), exaggerated reflexes (48.1%), restlessness (44.9%), increased muscle tone (35.3%), convulsion (33.7%) and coma (20.9%) were the major clinical findings [19].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Muscle Hypertonia

• The oral, long-term administration of 200 mg/kg of L-tryptophan to rats previously submitted to a portacaval shunt causes significant loss of body weight, muscular hypertonicity and aggressivity, as well as marked alterations of the liver structure [20].

References