Disease relevance of Spasm

• BACKGROUND: Stiff-person syndrome is a disabling central nervous system disorder with no satisfactory treatment that is characterized by muscle rigidity, episodic muscle spasms, high titers of antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65), and a frequent association with autoimmune disorders [1].
• Dantrolene, pelvic neoplasm, and muscle spasms: report of a case [2].
• Class I patients had severe intractable epilepsy, most frequently with atypical absences and myoclonias and less frequently with generalized extensor tonic seizures or flexor spasms [3].
• The EMG activity of the dystonic spasms in the periocular and jaw muscles was similar to that described in other muscles in patients with generalized torsion dystonia [4].
• There was no difference in quantitative cortical or subcortical glucose metabolic rate at the onset of infantile spasms between children with cryptogenic and symptomatic etiology of spasms [5].

Psychiatry related information on Spasm

• A 29-year-old woman with known Huntington's disease took from 900 to 970 mg of Lioresal, a cogener of gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) used experimentally to treat muscle spasm [6].
• Oxybutynin chloride (Ditropan), a tertiary amine possessing anticholinergic and papaverine-like, direct muscular antispasmodic effects, has been used in controlled clinical studies in patients with neurovesical reflex activity, uninhibited bladders, enuresis, and primary muscle spasm [7].
• The study of this geographic and genetic isolate permitted the investigation of certain unusual features of the disease such as constant myopia, delayed reaction times to pain, flexor spasms, and a rapid evolution [8].
• Major effects in these patients included lethargy (10), coma (1), seizure (1), tachycardia (7), bradycardia (1), hypotension (4), and a syndrome of muscle spasms, diaphoresis, and fever [9].
• Upon multivariate analysis, icodextrin contributed significantly to the improvement of patients' mental health, general health, and symptoms such as muscle spasms or twitching, cramps during an exchange or treatment, cramps after an exchange or treatment, itchy skin, and faintness or dizziness [10].

High impact information on Spasm

• In two women the spasms or restlessness of the legs decreased, without any change in the dystonia [11].
• Diazepam was used for relief of pain or muscle spasm, or anxiety and sleeplessness associated with these two symptoms, and was considered to be beneficial by 83% of the patients, although use of other drugs confounded this evaluation [12].
• Coronary artery spasms occurred spontaneously or were induced by intracoronary acetylcholine (10-100 micrograms) [13].
• Baclofen is the most effective drug for the treatment of rigidity and spasms caused by damage to the spinal cord, but frequently, relatively little relief is afforded and dose is limited by central side-effects [14].
• Salbutamol seemed to relieve the laryngeal spasms and consequently eased the infant's breathing difficulties [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Spasm

• Intravenous nitroglycerin and dihydropyridine calcium antagonists promptly relieved the spasms [16].
• Also, other signs that often are included in the spastic syndrome, including clonus, increased flexor reflex activity, and flexor spasms, did not result from DLF lesions [17].
• We used positron emission tomography (PET) to determine local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (1CMRG1c) in 44 infants with spasms, in an attempt to define the neuroanatomical substrates that mediate these seizures [18].
• Moderate or severe discomfort or bladder spasms were reported in 84% of the patients who received bladder irrigation, compared with 2% of the patients who received mesna prophylaxis (P < .0001) [19].
• CONCLUSIONS: These results confirm previous reports of the efficacy and safety of vigabatrin in patients with infantile spasms, particularly among those with spasms secondary to tuberous sclerosis [20].

Biological context of Spasm

• Analyzing vascular casts of normal kidneys we observed considerable vascular spasms and an average vasoconstriction of the interlobar arteries of 19 +/- 9% after i.v. infusion of 5-HT [21].
• 4 Intracellular microelectrode recording from myometrial strips showed that BRL 34915 (10 microM) inhibited action potentials and phasic spasms in the presence of oxytocin (0.2 nM) and produced a hyperpolarization of 5 mV [22].
• Diazepam reverses bombesin-induced gastric spasms and food intake reduction in the rat [23].
• BACKGROUND: Cyclobenzaprine hydrochloride is a muscle relaxant that is effective in improving muscle spasm, reducing local pain and tenderness, and increasing range of motion in acute, painful musculoskeletal conditions [24].
• SPOME (100-300 nM) inhibited peristalsis by a rise of the pressure threshold at which peristaltic waves were triggered, whereas septide and GR-73 632 (30-300 nM) interrupted peristalsis by causing circular muscle spasms [25].

Anatomical context of Spasm

• Treatment with prednisolone resulted in improvement of the lower-extremity weakness, reduction in flexor spasms, and slower but significant improvement in urinary symptoms [26].
• Additionally, SNAP-25-based peptides that mimic the effect of botulinum neurotoxin A may be used for the treatment of involuntary muscle spasms [27].
• 1 BRL 34915 (0.04-1.3 microM) caused concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous phasic spasms of the isolated uterus of the term pregnant rat and this effect was not antagonized by propranolol [22].
• The time relation between flexor spasms, detrusor contractions and anal sphincter activity was recorded in a consecutive series of 111 patients with hyperreflexic bladder and flexor spasms [28].
• Studies with isolated canine middle cerebral and basilar arteries clearly demonstrate that low concentrations of ethanol (e.g., less than 10 mM) can produce concentration-dependent spasms by a direct vascular action.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)[29]

Gene context of Spasm

• Tottering (tg) is an autosomal recessive mutation of the calcium channel alpha1A subunit in the mouse that results in epileptic spike and wave discharges, mild ataxia and paroxysmal episodes of involuntary spasms of the limbs, trunk and face [30].
• The authors report a Chinese boy with a DYT1 gene mutation having muscle stiffness, severe painful muscle spasm, myoclonus, and dystonia compatible with stiff child syndrome [31].
• Thirteen responders showed no significant (p > 0.05) change in serum NSE after cessation of epileptic spasms [32].
• Early effects of the dose were: prevention of the tremors and spasms seen in untreated mutants, raising to normal and near-normal of caeruloplasmin oxidase and lysyl oxidase activities and pigmentation of skin and fur [33].
• Other possible uses for CB1 receptor agonists include the suppression of muscle spasm/spasticity associated with multiple sclerosis or spinal cord injury, the relief of chronic pain and the management of glaucoma and bronchial asthma [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Spasm

• One child developed carpopedal spasms refractory to intravenous infusion of calcium gluconate but responsive to intramuscular injection of magnesium sulfate [35].
• These favorable patients could be recognized from onset by (a) absence of significant mental regression with a preserved visual function; (b) absence of focal interictal EEG abnormalities after intravenous diazepam; and (c) reappearance of hypsarrhythmia between consecutive spasms of a cluster [36].
• Administration of Mg aspartate HCl, by intraarterial or intravenous infusion (1, 10 and 20 mumol/min), before or after the cocaine, produced dose-dependent inhibition (20-85%) of the cocaine-induced arteriolar spasms and prevention and attenuation of the venular vasculotoxicity and hemorrhaging [37].
• We evaluated the efficacy of ketorolac in suppressing postoperative bladder spasms after ureteroneocystostomy (ureteral reimplantation) [38].
• The efficacy of intrathecally administered baclofen was demonstrated in three patients with different types of muscular hypertonia (supraspinal rigidity, spasms shortly after spinal trauma, spasms for many years induced by multiple sclerosis) using integrated electromyography [39].

References