Disease relevance of Portacaval Shunt, Surgical

• Enhanced hyperplasia of gastric enterochromaffinlike cells in response to omeprazole-evoked hypergastrinemia in rats with portacaval shunts. An immunocytochemical and chemical study [1].
• Increased density of brain histamine H(1) receptors in rats with portacaval anastomosis and in cirrhotic patients with chronic hepatic encephalopathy [2].
• Moreover, chronic treatment with sildenafil normalizes the function of the pathway and restores learning ability in rats with portacaval shunts or with hyperammonemia [3].
• Indomethacin prevents the development of experimental ammonia-induced brain edema in rats after portacaval anastomosis [4].
• After the chronic portacaval shunt and to a lesser extent in normal rats intraventricular muscimol resulted in chewing and eating behavior, ataxia and loss of balance that lasted 2 to 3 hr [5].

High impact information on Portacaval Shunt, Surgical

• Failure to produce hepatic hyperplastic nodules in rats by portacaval anastomosis and testosterone [6].
• We studied acid secretory responses to exogenous pentagastrin and to exogenous and endogenous gastrin in 12 stable cirrhotic subjects with portacaval shunt, 12 unshunted cirrhotics, and 12 normal subjects [7].
• At low doses of either exogenous pentagastrin or gastrin-17 (G17), cirrhotics with portacaval shunt secreted significantly greater amounts of gastric acid than unshunted subjects [7].
• In mongrel dogs, the effect of end-to-side portacaval shunt on plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tyramine, tyrosine, dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine were studied [8].
• Although the mechanism for the decline in production of cholesterol and LDL after portacaval shunt surgery is unknown, it was observed that these changes were associated with marked increases in the plasma concentrations of bile acids and glucagon [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Portacaval Shunt, Surgical

• We have shown brain edema, a marked increase in brain glutamine, and a selective rise in CBF in rats after portacaval anastomosis receiving an ammonia infusion [10].
• Prognostic value of indocyanine green and lidocaine kinetics for survival and chronic hepatic encephalopathy in cirrhotic patients following elective end-to-side portacaval shunt [11].
• To study the effects of alterations of CBF on the development of brain edema, we administered intravenous (IV) indomethacin to rats receiving an ammonia infusion after portacaval anastomosis [4].
• Ten male patients with cirrhosis of the liver (three with portacaval anastomosis [PCA]) and eight sex- and age-matched controls underwent an arginine infusion test followed by an intravenous glucose tolerance test [12].
• The late-developing morphological changes known to occur in astrocytes and the delayed increases in local glucose consumption in rats with portacaval shunts may be related, and represent an adaptive response to sustained hyperammonemia [13].

Biological context of Portacaval Shunt, Surgical

• Tyrosine metabolism via decarboxylation to tyramine was evaluated in dogs with functional end-to-side portacaval shunt [14].
• When results from untreated and omeprazole-treated rats were plotted, there was a linear correlation between the serum gastrin concentration and the enterochromaffinlike cell density in both sham-operated rats and rats with portacaval shunts [1].
• Effects of insulin, glucagon, and insuling/glucagon infusions on liver morphology and cell division after complete portacaval shunt in dogs [15].
• Cholesterol homeostasis in the rat with a portacaval anastomosis [16].
• The response of myo-inositol and nine other organic osmolytes to the increase in brain glutamine at different time intervals after portacaval anastomosis (PCA) in the rat was studied [17].

Anatomical context of Portacaval Shunt, Surgical

• The GABAergic agonist, muscimol, and antagonists, picrotoxin and bicuculline, have been studied in rats with chronic portacaval shunts and in rats developing hepatic encephalopathy after massive ischemic necrosis due to hepatic artery ligation within 48 hr of a portacaval shunt [5].
• Elevation of the plasma estrogen level observed in Eck fistula rats may be responsible for the induction of low-density lipoprotein receptors on hepatocytes and for the subsequent enhancement of l3 [18].
• Significant colonization was observed in animals with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced injury combined with portacaval shunt (PCS) and in animals with common bile duct (CBD) ligation but not in control animals or in animals with CCl4-induced injury alone [19].
• Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity has been used to study the astroglial response in the rat spinal cord to long-term portacaval shunt (PCS) [20].
• Average T50 amounted to 29 min in controls, was reduced to 20 min after enzyme induction by phenobarbital or 3-methylcholanthrene, and prolonged to 45, 46 and 66 min after bile duct ligation, portacaval shunt and a single dose of ethanol, respectively [21].

Associations of Portacaval Shunt, Surgical with chemical compounds

• The turnover of 125I-labeled low density lipoprotein (LDL) and the total body balance of cholestrol were studied in a 6-yr-old girl with the homozygous form of familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) before and after the surgical creation of an end-to-side portacaval shunt [9].
• Fourteen days after an end-to-side portacaval anastomosis the galactose elimination capacity and the plasma clearance of indocyanine green were reduced in proportion to the approximately 50% loss in liver mass [22].
• Six weeks after portacaval shunt, mean peak levels of plasma tyrosine, achieved at 5 hr after dose administration, were 450 as compared to 85 mumoles per liter obtained in preshunted dogs [14].
• The biliary transport maximum for sulfobromophthalein, on the other hand, decreased by almost 70% from 153 to 52 nmoles per min per min per 100 g after portacaval anastomosis [22].
• The data are consistent with the hypothesis of an impaired release of vitamin A from the liver in rats with portacaval shunts, an impairment that could be due to liver zinc deficiency [23].

Gene context of Portacaval Shunt, Surgical

• The activity of the androgen receptor (p less than 0.01) and estrogen receptor (p less than 0.05) was reduced markedly in the animals with portacaval shunts compared with controls [24].
• Basal plasma thyroid hormone, testosterone and cortisol levels, TSH and PRL responses to TRH, and LH and FSH responses to LRH were assessed in six young subjects with normal liver function and anatomy before and after portacaval anastomosis [25].
• The present report describes the long-term effects of antrectomy, antrum exclusion, portacaval shunt, omeprazole treatment, or the combination of omeprazole treatment and portacaval shunt on the number and density of somatostatin cells in the oxyntic mucosa of the rat [26].
• The mechanism behind the enhanced response to gastrin of the enterochromaffinlike cells in rats with portacaval shunts is unknown [1].
• In contrast, if the liver was bypassed by performing a portacaval shunt or by injecting into the inferior vena cava, radioactivity was maximal in the lung (2,454.3% +/- 302.3 10 min after IVC injection) with activity in the liver of only 89.3% +/- 10 [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Portacaval Shunt, Surgical

• At each measured serum gastrin concentration after either exogenous G17 or intragastric peptone meals, cirrhotics with portacaval shunt secreted more acid than the unshunted control groups and their dose-response curve was significantly shifted to the left [7].
• The efficacy of various total parenteral nutrition regimens administered for 72 h in supporting the rat after portacaval anastomosis was evaluated [28].
• We show by in vivo brain microdialysis that chronic oral administration of sildenafil, an inhibitor of the phosphodiesterase that degrades cGMP, normalizes the function of the glutamate-NO-cGMP pathway and extracellular cGMP in brain in vivo in rats with portacaval anastomosis or with hyperammonemia [3].
• A similar decrease in this ratio was observed previously in otherwise healthy dogs after surgical construction of portacaval shunt when propoxyphene was given orally, but not after intravenous injection of the drug [29].
• In the present study, kainate, quisqualate and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) subclasses of L-glutamate receptors were measured in adult rat brain by quantitative receptor autoradiography following surgical construction of an end-to-side portacaval anastomosis (PCA) [30].

References