Disease relevance of Endodermal Sinus Tumor

• Nine women with germ-cell tumors of the ovary (three endodermal sinus tumors, four immature teratomas, and two mixed germ-cell tumors) were treated with cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin (PVB) chemotherapy after cytoreductive operations [1].
• The tumor cells in embryonal carcinomas, endodermal sinus tumors, and choriocarcinomas displayed cytokeratin positivity [2].
• Sixteen (94.1%) of the 17 clear-cell carcinomas and two (28.5%) of the seven endodermal sinus tumors reacted for Leu-M1, whereas six (85.7%) of the seven endodermal sinus tumors and three (17.6%) of the 17 clear-cell carcinomas stained for alpha-fetoprotein [3].
• The tumor included elements of choriocarcinoma and endodermal sinus tumor, and the use of human chorionic gonadotropin and alpha-fetoprotein as tumor markers is discussed [4].
• Twenty-five patients (3 dysgerminomas, 11 immature teratomas, 9 endodermal sinus tumors, and 2 mixed germ cell tumors) received short-term cis-platinum-based chemotherapy [5].

High impact information on Endodermal Sinus Tumor

• Cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin for endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary [6].
• In contrast, ER-beta remained highly expressed in endodermal sinus tumors and teratomas [7].
• Placental alkaline phosphatase and alpha-fetoprotein were demonstrated immunohistochemically in two of the three cases, with available tissue containing endodermal sinus tumor [8].
• Cure of stage IV endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary with pulsed cyclophosphamide therapy [9].
• Establishment and characterization of a human ovarian endodermal sinus tumor cell line--producing specific type of alpha-fetoprotein subfraction [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Endodermal Sinus Tumor

• Bleomycin, vinblastine, and cis-platinum in the treatment of advanced endodermal sinus tumor [11].
• Three patients with advanced and recurrent endodermal sinus tumor (EST) of the ovary were treated with modified vinblastine, actinomycin-D, and bleomycin (VAB-3) regimen [12].
• Three patients with endodermal sinus tumor of the mediastinum and two with endodermal sinus tumor mixed with other histologies were treated with CEBA (cisplatin, etoposide, bleomycin, and doxorubicin [Adriamycin]) and by cytoreductive surgery [13].
• A case of Stage IV endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary treated with excision of the primary ovarian tumor followed by adjuvant pulsed Endoxan (cyclophosphamide) therapy is described [9].
• Endodermal sinus tumor: a report of two sustained remissions treated postoperatively with a combination of actinomycin D, 5-fluorouracil, and cyclophosphamide [14].

Anatomical context of Endodermal Sinus Tumor

• Cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin therapy of yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor of the ovary [15].
• Carboplatin has some activity against Wilms' tumor, Ewing's sarcoma, neuroblastoma, soft tissue sarcoma, and endodermal sinus tumor of the testis [16].
• Hyaline globules, characteristic of the alpha-fetoprotein-synthesizing (AFP-synthesizing) cells found in endodermal sinus tumor, were observed inside the cells with periodic-acid-Schiff (PAS) stain [17].
• HCG was identified within syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells, frequently in association with embryonal carcinoma, and rarely with endodermal sinus tumor and seminoma, as well as in the syncytiotropho-blastic component of choriocarcinoma [18].

Gene context of Endodermal Sinus Tumor

• Endodermal sinus tumor (EST) forms the most common histologic subtype of MGCT [19].
• Alpha-fetoprotein, as a diagnostic and therapeutic marker of endodermal sinus tumor, showed good correlation to the tumor growth [20].
• AFP was demonstrated in mononuclear embryonal cells within embryonal carcinoma and endodermal sinus tumor [18].
• The authors performed mucin and immunohistochemical studies on this case and on ten cases of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors containing embryonal carcinoma and endodermal sinus tumor for comparison [21].
• Primary pineal endodermal sinus tumor with elevated serum and CSF alphafetoprotein levels. Case report [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Endodermal Sinus Tumor

• Five tumors of the orbit, which by light microscopy displayed features characteristic of gonadal endodermal sinus tumor, were tested for the presence of alpha fetoprotein using paraffin-embedded tissue and an immunoperoxidase technique [23].
• Therefore, the authors concluded that positive immunostaining for Leu-M1 and negative immunostaining for alpha-fetoprotein support the differential diagnosis of clear-cell carcinoma, whereas a positive reaction for alpha-fetoprotein and a negative reaction for Leu-M1 favor a diagnosis of endodermal sinus tumor [3].
• Pregnancy following treatment of endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary with combination chemotherapy, including cis-platinum [24].
• Whereas the findings of an ovarian mass and elevated serum AFP typically suggest an ominous diagnosis, ie, endodermal sinus tumor of the ovary, both of these patients were found at laparotomy to have Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors of the ovary [25].
• Serial alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) titers accurately reflect the status of endodermal sinus tumor elements and may be used as a guide to discontinue treatment for patients with pure endodermal sinus tumor malignancies, obviating the need for second-look surgery [26].

References