Disease relevance of Hyalin

• Upon exposure to hyperoxia (greater than 99% O2, 630 torr) the transgenic CuZnSOD mice showed increased survival, decreased morphologic evidence of lung damage such as edema and hyaline membrane formation, and reduction in the number of lung neutrophils [1].
• We also suggest that patients with a pathological diagnosis of neuronal intranuclear hyaline inclusion disease may also have polyglutamine repeat expansions [2].
• Mutations in the gene encoding capillary morphogenesis protein 2 cause juvenile hyaline fibromatosis and infantile systemic hyalinosis [3].
• Histological features of alcoholic liver disease (Mallory's hyaline bodies, pericentral fibrosis, polymorphonuclear infiltrate, and fatty infiltration) were uncommon in hemochromatosis [4].
• The up-regulation of P-gp was inversely related to the incidence of hyaline arteriopathy (r = -0.65; P < 0.05), periglomerular (r = -0.58; P < 0.05) and peritubular fibrosis (r = -0.63; P < 0.05), and intrarenal angiotensin H deposits in animals with severe signs of nephrotoxicity (r = -0.65; P < 0.05) [5].

High impact information on Hyalin

• The c-Abl protein is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase involved in many aspects of mammalian development. c-Abl kinase is widely expressed, but high levels are found in hyaline cartilage in the adult, bone tissue in newborn mice, and osteoblasts and associated neovasculature at sites of endochondrial ossification in the fetus [6].
• The first response to cyclic AMP is a locally generated extension of a hyaline pseudopod from the region of the surface nearest the stimulus [7].
• Prevention of hyaline membrane disease with plasminogen. A cooperative study [8].
• We have used tetracycline-regulated transcription in conjunction with a cartilage-specific promoter to target a constitutively active human MMP-13 to the hyaline cartilages and joints of transgenic mice [9].
• These observations provide clear and novel evidence for the pathogenic contribution of PAI-1 in the development of hyaline membrane disease [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Hyalin

• Acidic cysteine endoproteinase cathepsin K in the degeneration of the superficial articular hyaline cartilage in osteoarthritis [11].
• Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with a novel Leu126Ser mutation in the copper/zinc superoxide dismutase gene showing mild clinical features and lewy body-like hyaline inclusions [12].
• In some areas, the tumor shows a striking resemblance to Kaposi's sarcoma; criss-crossing fascicles of spindle cells are interspersed with narrow vascular spaces, but PAS-positive hyaline globules are absent [13].
• Perivascular hyaline fibrosis and cell degeneration mimicked amyloid, but these tumors were Congo red-negative [14].
• Reduced incidence of hyaline membrane disease in extremely premature infants following delay of delivery in mother with preterm labor: use of ritodrine and betamethasone [15].

Biological context of Hyalin

• To explore whether increased PAI-1 production is a causal or only a correlative event for impaired intraalveolar fibrinolysis and the development of hyaline membrane disease, we studied mice genetically deficient in PAI-1 [10].
• Double label immunofluorescent staining of frozen sections of ovary with the SCS antiserum and an antibody to the cortical granule protein hyalin indicated a dramatic morphogenesis of the SCS-containing ER (SCS-ER) coincident with oocyte maturation [16].
• Conversion to an elastogenic phenotype by fetal hyaline chondrocytes is accompanied by altered expression of elastin-related macromolecules [17].
• We report a case of hyaline vascular Castleman's disease with intragenic HMGIC rearrangement, due to a clonal cytogenetic aberration involving the long arm of chromosome 12 [46,XX, add(1)(q21),der(6)t(6;12) (q23;q15),add(7)(p22), -9,inv(9)(p11q13),del(12)(q15),+mar] obtained after short-term primary cultures [18].
• Given the known angiogenic and vascular permeability activities of VEGF, we propose that VEGF plays an important role in molding the characteristic morphologic features of this tumor, namely, the formation of cysts, microcystic pattern, hyaline cystic degeneration, hyaline vessels, and vascular proliferation [19].

Anatomical context of Hyalin

• Thus, CHL2 may play negative roles in the (re)generation and maturation of articular chondrocytes in the hyaline cartilage of both developing and degenerated joints [20].
• Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals are found most frequently in fibrocartilaginous tissue and to a lesser extent in hyaline articular cartilage [21].
• Release of pyrophosphate by normal mammalian articular hyaline and fibrocartilage in organ culture [21].
• Electrical charge of the antigen determines its localization in the mouse knee joint. Deep penetration of cationic BSA in hyaline articular cartilage [22].
• Cytoplasmic filaments of Crooke's hyaline change belong to the cytokeratin class. An immunocytochemical and ultrastructural study [23].

Associations of Hyalin with chemical compounds

• 41 mechanically ventilated babies who had been treated with surfactant (Curosurf) for hyaline membrane disease were randomly assigned morphine in 5% dextrose (100 micrograms/kg per h for 2 h followed by 25 micrograms/kg per h continuous infusion) or 5% dextrose (placebo) [24].
• Pancuronium during mechanical ventilation speeds recovery of lungs of infants with hyaline membrane disease [25].
• The composition of the proteoglycan monomer was different from that of proteoglycan monomer preparations from normal hyaline cartilages in that it did not contain keratan sulfate and chondroitin 6-sulfate; only chondroitin 4-sulfate was found [26].
• Clonidine treatment resulted in fewer, shorter, and thinner hyaline casts [27].
• Sodium salicylate has been shown to suppress glycosaminoglycan (GAG) synthesis by articular hyaline cartilage in vitro [28].

Gene context of Hyalin

• Mutations in capillary morphogenesis gene-2 result in the allelic disorders juvenile hyaline fibromatosis and infantile systemic hyalinosis [29].
• RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry for VEGF in normal hyaline cartilage yielded negative findings [30].
• Immunohistochemically, NEDL1 is present in the central region of the Lewy body-like hyaline inclusions in the spinal cord ventral horn motor neurons of both FALS patients and mutant SOD1 transgenic mice [31].
• Remarkable hyperplasia of the adrenal cortexes and Crooke's hyaline degeneration of the pituitary gland were consistent with Cushing's syndrome by ectopic ACTH production [32].
• Among the three Tgfb(-/-) mice, only Tgfb2(-/-) mice have abnormal ocular morphogenesis characterized by thin corneal stroma, absence of corneal endothelium, fusion of cornea to lens (a Peters'-like anomaly phenotype), and accumulation of hyaline cells in vitreous [33].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Hyalin

• We have generated and characterized a monoclonal antibody (McA Tg-HYL) that recognizes sea urchin hyalin as evidenced by immunofluorescence staining of the hyaline layer (HL) and immunoblot staining of the hyalin protein band [34].
• Our findings suggest that cell-mediated TGF-beta 1 gene therapy may be a novel treatment for orthopedic diseases in which hyaline cartilage damage has occurred [35].
• Histological and immunohistochemical staining of the newly repaired tissues produced after treatment with either mixed cells or hChon-TGF-beta1 cells alone showed hyaline cartilage- like characteristics [36].
• Using quantitative, real-time PCR, we demonstrate that Bcl-2-deficient chondrocytes coordinately down-regulate genes coding for hyaline cartilage matrix proteins including collagen II, collagen IX, aggrecan, and link protein [37].
• RT-PCR for VEGF mRNA of normal hyaline cartilage was negative [38].

References