Disease relevance of Laparotomy

• Thus second-look laparotomy after completion of first-line single-agent cisplatin chemotherapy did not confer any survival benefit on patients with epithelial ovarian cancer [1].
• Ectopic pregnancy diagnosed by measurement of HCG but not laparotomy [2].
• To study mechanisms and anatomic correlates of precirrhotic portal hypertension, we measured portal pressure either at laparotomy (in the portal vein) or by hepatic vein catheterization (wedge pressure) in 24 pairs of baboons fed 50% of energy either as ethanol or isocaloric carbohydrate (controls) for 4 mo-9 yr [3].
• A blood-culture isolate of Bacteroides fragilis, taken from a woman after elective laparotomy, was resistant to metronidazole and had reduced susceptibility to imipenem and co-amoxiclav [4].
• PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 5FU injection (500 mg/m2) was given to 47 patients with advanced colorectal cancer; tumor biopsy specimens were obtained 1 to 72 hours after laparotomy [5].

High impact information on Laparotomy

• We report here that in rat the beta-adrenoceptor antagonist (-)propranolol reduces or abolishes the rapid increase of immunoreactive beta-endorphin levels during some stress stimuli (footshock, passive avoidance, restraint) but not during others (ether, formalin, laparotomy) [6].
• RESULTS: MuOR endocytosis induced by abdominal laparotomy was inhibited significantly by NMDA-receptor antagonists in nondenervated and denervated ileal segments, but not by the AMPA-receptor antagonist [7].
• BACKGROUND: Wound complications that occur after closure of midline laparotomy remain challenging [8].
• The aim of this study was to study arginine metabolism in the bile duct-ligated rat (BDL) after laparotomy [9].
• Laparotomy significantly attenuates ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesions in the rat [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Laparotomy

• PURPOSE: To ascertain whether vinblastine, bleomycin, and methotrexate (VBM) (CT) combined with extended-field radiotherapy (EF RT) is effective enough to spare laparotomy in early, favorably presenting Hodgkin's disease (HD) patients [11].
• Effect of intra-abdominal instillation of a local anaesthetic, bupivacaine, on postoperative colonic adynamic ileus was studied in a double blind manner in a randomised series of patients undergoing upper laparotomy [12].
• METHODS: In the solid tumor model, a lump of 350-mg CC-531 tumor cells was placed intraperitoneally in rats having CO2 pneumoperitoneum (n = 8), gasless laparoscopy (n = 8), or conventional laparotomy (n = 8) [13].
• The use of gallium scanning for the diagnosis of abdominal abscesses was studied in 59 cases in which the diagnosis was verified by laparotomy or autopsy [14].
• METHODS: The authors measured portal and systemic hemodynamics in PGI2 and glucagon levels in patients with portal hypertension due to cirrhosis (partial portal systemic shunt) and Budd-Chiari syndrome (complete portal systemic shunt) undergoing portal systemic shunts and in porto normotensive patients undergoing exploratory laparotomies [15].

Biological context of Laparotomy

• After 10 days of treatment, a laparotomy was performed to determine microbiological study of ileal and cecal feces, bacterial translocation, endotoxemia, and intestinal malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as index of intestinal oxidative damage [16].
• Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a midline laparotomy (i.e., induction of soft-tissue trauma) and were then bled to and maintained at a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40 mmHg until 40% of the maximal shed blood volume was returned in the form of Ringer lactate (RL) [17].
• Randomized comparison of polyglycolic acid and polyglyconate sutures for abdominal fascial closure after laparotomy in patients with suspected impaired wound healing [18].
• To study this, male, proestrus female (female), and 17 beta-estradiol (E2)-treated male rats underwent midline laparotomy, hemorrhagic shock (blood pressure 40 mmHg, 90 min), and resuscitation (Ringer lactate, 4X shed blood volume, 1 h) [19].
• Five pregnancies occurred in the IVF-ET cycle with laparotomy and one pregnancy occurred spontaneously following microsurgical tubal reconstruction [20].

Anatomical context of Laparotomy

• The hypothesis is put forward that the protective response to laparotomy arises from a somatovisceral and/or viscerovisceral axon reflex of capsaicin-sensitive afferent neurons [10].
• Labeled testosterone was injected into the umbilical vein of each of 4 male and 3 female previable fetuses at the time of laparotomy [21].
• The concentrations of melatonin in 112 preovulatory follicular fluid (FF) samples obtained from 60 women undergoing in vitro fertilization and 27 patients at laparotomy during a spontaneous cycle were measured by RIA and compared with those in peripheral serum [22].
• Ten patients who had undergone laparotomies for different abdominal pathological conditions were studied to determine the levels of pefloxacin in mesenteric lymph nodes [23].
• Thirty minutes later, midline laparotomy was performed, and surface oxygen tensions and surface temperatures were measured on stomach, liver, cecum, urinary bladder, and anterior abdominal wall [24].

Associations of Laparotomy with chemical compounds

• All were initially treated with cisplatin (100 mg/m2 x 5) after primary laparotomy [1].
• Effect of low-dose heparin prophylaxis on arterial oxygen tension after high laparotomy [25].
• Group A (n = 53) was scheduled to have a second-look laparotomy, followed by cyclical oral chlorambucil [1].
• CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal laparotomy evokes local release of glutamate that results in endogenous opioid release through the activation of peripheral NMDA receptors [7].
• Neoadjuvant therapy using the fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and metrotrexate (FAMTX) regimen was given for three courses before planned laparotomy with the intention to perform curative resection [26].

Gene context of Laparotomy

• An increase in the proportion of ovarian tumours negative for the hMLH1 subunit is observed in samples taken at second look laparotomy after chemotherapy (36%: 4/11), compared to untreated tumours (10%: 4/39) [27].
• Concentrations of p53 were elevated in patients with advanced stage disease (P = 0.02) or poorly differentiated (P = 0.03), suboptimally debulked tumors (P = 0.02), as well as in patients who failed to respond to chemotherapy (P = 0.03), as assessed by computed tomography scanning, serum CA125 determination, and second-look laparotomy [28].
• RESULTS: Production of TNF-alpha and IL-6 was similar in laparoscopy, laparotomy, and control groups [29].
• In the subgroup of patients who underwent explorative laparotomy COX-2-positive cases showed a shorter overall survival (P = 0.049) [30].
• The role of CRF1 receptors for sympathetic nervous response to laparotomy in anesthetized rats [31].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Laparotomy

• Serum insulin, glucagon, and pancreatic polypeptide levels increased significantly after both limited and extended hepatectomy but not after sham laparotomy [32].
• One hundred seventeen patients with residual disease of 2 cm or less at second-look laparotomy or laparoscopy were then randomized to receive consolidation therapy, either five further courses of carboplatin at the same dosage or whole-abdominal RT (24 Gy) [33].
• Clinical stages IA and II2A received three courses of mechlorethamine, Oncovin, procarbazine, and prednisone (MOPP) and supradiaphragmatic radiotherapy (40 Gy), and no laparotomy was performed [34].
• Laparoscopy and laparoscopic ultrasonography avoid exploratory laparotomy in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma [35].
• METHODS: Different degrees of inhibition of gastrointestinal transit, measured by the migration of Evans blue, were achieved by skin incision, laparotomy, or laparotomy plus mechanical stimulation of the gut [36].

References