Disease relevance of Terminalia

• We used the agar dilution method to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Terminalia macroptera leaf (Tml) extract against nine reference and clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains, including penicillin- and tetracycline-resistant and -susceptible strains [1].
• The antimutagenic effect of benzene, chloroform, acetone and methanol fractions from Terminalia arjuna, a well-known medicinal plant, was determined against Acid Black dye, 2-aminofluorene (2AF) and 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD) in TA98 Frameshift mutagen tester strain of Salmonella typhimurium [2].
• Antimutagenicity of supercritical CO2 extracts of Terminalia catappa leaves and cytotoxicity of the extracts to human hepatoma cells [3].
• Examination of the EtOH extract of the fruiting bodies of Terminalia chebula RETZ. led to the isolation of two potent antimicrobial substances against even methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus [4].

High impact information on Terminalia

• Mutations in the BicaudalD (BicD) gene lead to a global reorganization of the Drosophila body pattern such that the head, thoracic, and anterior abdominal segments are replaced by posterior abdominal segments and terminalia [5].
• Finally, the complex final form of the head and terminalia derive from earlier simple subdivision of these areas into developmental fields by engrailed [6].
• However, combinations of weak loss-of-function TAF250 alleles survive to adulthood and reveal requirements for TAF250 during ovary, eye, ocelli, wing, bristle, and terminalia development as well as overall growth of the fly [7].
• This pattern of wg transcription is discussed with particular regard to the segmentation of the terminalia [8].
• A bioactivity-guided fractionation of Terminalia bellerica fruit extract led to the isolation of several pure compounds which retained the original activity of the crude extract for CCK and GABA receptors, with the exception of compound B3EA-6, which exhibited high affinity for Neurokinin receptor (Substance K approximately NK-1) [9].

Chemical compound and disease context of Terminalia

• We determined the antimutagenicity of phenolic fractions of Terminalia arjuna (soluble and insoluble in chloroform) against two direct-acting mutagens, 4-nitro-o-phenylenediamine (NPD) and sodium azide, and against the S9-dependent mutagen 2-aminofluorene (2AF), in TA98 and TA100 tester strains of Salmonella typhimurium [10].

Biological context of Terminalia

• The engrailed genotypes deleted specific elements of the adult terminalia without causing associated pattern duplications [11].
• PVF1/PVR signaling and apoptosis promotes the rotation and dorsal closure of the Drosophila male terminalia [12].
• Gallic acid (GA) and chebulagic acid (CA) were isolated from the extract of a herbal medicine, kashi (myrobalans: the fruit of Terminalia chebula) as active principles that blocked the cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated cytotoxicity [13].
• The immunomodulatory activities of Triphala (Terminalia chebula, Terminalia belerica and Emblica officinalis) were assessed by testing the various neutrophil functions like adherence, phagocytosis (phagocytic index (P.I) and avidity index (A.I)) and nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction in albino rats [14].

Anatomical context of Terminalia

• ATP assay guided chromatographic fractionation of the extract yielded ellagic acid, 2,4-chebulyl-beta-D-glucopyranose (a new natural product), and chebulinic acid which were tested by ATP assay on HOS-1 cell line in comparison to three known antigrowth phenolics of Terminalia, gallic acid, ethyl gallate, luteolin, and tannic acid [15].

Associations of Terminalia with chemical compounds

• Tannin constituents of Terminalia glaucescens [16].
• A tannin fraction (TC-E) from the dried fruit pulp of Terminalia chebula was obtained by successfully extracting with 95% ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate [17].
• Antimutagenic activities of acetone and methanol fractions of Terminalia arjuna [2].
• The present study was designed to investigate the effects of chronic administration of the alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna (TAAE) bark on isoproterenol induced myocardial injury [18].
• A rapid sensitive and reproductive reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method with photo diode arrray detection is described for the simultaneous quantification of major oleane derivatives: arjunic acid (4), arjunolic acid (3), arjungenin (2) and arjunetin (1) in Terminalia arjuna extract [19].

Gene context of Terminalia

• Embryonic head involution and rotation of male terminalia require the Drosophila locus head involution defective [20].
• Chemopreventive effect of punicalagin, a novel tannin component isolated from Terminalia catappa, on H-ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells [21].
• The effect on the terminalia of teissieri-melanogaster hybrids of a mutation in doublesex, a regulatory gene that controls the development of the terminalia, was also investigated [22].
• Antioxidant activity of Terminalia arjuna bark extract on N-nitrosodiethylamine induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats [23].
• Among the most effective extracts were methanol extracts of the roots of Terminalia sambesiaca Engl. & Diels., T. kaiserana Guill. & Perrott., T. sericea Burch. ex DC., C. fragrans F [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Terminalia

• No significant differences were observed in clinical or treadmill exercise test parameters when Terminalia arjuna and isosorbide mononitrate therapies were compared [25].

References