Disease relevance of Gallic acid

• Induction of mouse lung adenomas by amines or ureas plus nitrite and by N-nitroso compounds: effect of ascorbate, gallic acid, thiocyanate, and caffeine [1].
• The study on incorporation of [3H](-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) into human lung cancer cell line PC-9 indicated that the [3H]EGCG incorporation was significantly enhanced by (-)-epicatechin, an inert tea polyphenol without a galloyl moiety [2].
• Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3 gallate inhibits Her-2/neu signaling, proliferation, and transformed phenotype of breast cancer cells [3].
• In this study, we show that two O-methylated catechins, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-(3-O-methyl) gallate and (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-(4-O-methyl) gallate, inhibit in vivo mast cell-dependent allergic reactions more potently than their nonmethylated form, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate [4].
• Molecular characterization of the gallate dioxygenase from Pseudomonas putida KT2440. The prototype of a new subgroup of extradiol dioxygenases [5].

Psychiatry related information on Gallic acid

• Effects of two plant secondary metabolites, cineole and gallic acid, on nightly feeding patterns of the common brushtail possum [6].

High impact information on Gallic acid

• Inhibitors of the octadecanoid pathway, salicylic acid and n-propyl gallate, strongly suppressed the wound activation of the FAD7 promoter in roots but not in leaves or stems [7].
• Topical applications of caffeine or (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibit carcinogenesis and selectively increase apoptosis in UVB-induced skin tumors in mice [8].
• (-)-epigallocatechin gallate overcomes resistance to Etoposide-induced cell death by targeting the molecular chaperone glucose-regulated protein 78 [9].
• A naturally occurring gallated polyphenol isolated from green tea leaves, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has been shown to be an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity in vitro at concentrations found in the serum and tissues of green tea drinkers (0.1-1.0 micromol/L) [10].
• In this study we present clear in vitro and in vivo evidence that the inhibition of the cancer-associated enzyme telomerase is a key mechanism involved in cancer inhibition by epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a major tea polyphenol [11].

Chemical compound and disease context of Gallic acid

• Synergistic effects of (--)-epigallocatechin gallate with (--)-epicatechin, sulindac, or tamoxifen on cancer-preventive activity in the human lung cancer cell line PC-9 [2].
• The metabolism of [5-(3)H]glucose and the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from rat insulinoma cells, INS-1, were effectively inhibited by 500 microm or 1 mm propyl gallate and to a lesser extent by 5 mm aminooxyacetate, a potent malate-aspartate shuttle inhibitor [12].
• CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: Epigallocatechin gallate has potential use as adjunctive therapy in HIV-1 infection [13].
• BACKGROUND: The green tea flavonoid, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), has been proposed to have an anti-HIV-1 effect by preventing the binding of HIV-1 glycoprotein (gp) 120 to the CD4 molecule on T cells [13].
• Epigallocatechin gallate synergistically enhances the activity of carbapenems against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus [14].

Biological context of Gallic acid

• Physiological concentrations (0.01-1 microM) of epigallocatechin-3 gallate, catechin-3 gallate, and, to a lesser extent, epicatechin-3 gallate induce a rapid and potent inhibition of VEGF-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGFR-2 [15].
• Among the tea polyphenols tested, TF-2 and, to a lesser degree, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate inhibited cyclooxygenase (Cox)-2 gene expression [16].
• Epigallocatechin gallate has been shown to be an inhibitor of the protealytic activity of the proteasome; this inhibition has a significant implication for cell proliferation and the stability of transcription factors in the nucleus [17].
• Effects of epicatechin gallate on wound healing and scar formation in a full thickness incisional wound healing model in rats [18].
• We determined the scavenging rate constants and the decay kinetics of the aroxyl radicals both at the wavelength of the semiquinone absorption (275 nm) and the absorption band of the gallate ester ketyl radical (400-420 nm) [19].

Anatomical context of Gallic acid

• Epigallocathechin-3 gallate selectively inhibits the PDGF-BB-induced intracellular signaling transduction pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells and inhibits transformation of sis-transfected NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and human glioblastoma cells (A172) [20].
• PG in the hepatocyte suspensions was converted to gallic acid, 4-O-methyl-gallic acid, and other minor products over time [21].
• Epigallocatechin gallate, the main polyphenol in green tea, binds to the T-cell receptor, CD4: Potential for HIV-1 therapy [13].
• The results of the Western blot and immunocytochemical studies are consistent with the detection of the gallic acid glucoside ST activity in plasma membrane preparations of M. pudica pulvini cells [22].
• The effects of substituted catechols (3-methylcatechol, 4-methylcatechol, 4-nitrocatechol, and guaiacol) and trihydroxybenzenes (pyrogallol, propyl gallate, 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, and 1,3,5-trihydroxybenzene) on the synthesis of prostaglandin (PG)E2 and leukotriene (LT)B4 were tested in human A23187-stimulated polymorphonuclear leukocytes [23].

Associations of Gallic acid with other chemical compounds

• However, in the presence of the antioxidant propyl gallate the reinitiation of DNA synthesis was abolished [24].
• The p53 Ser-15 phosphorylation was suppressed in SNP-treated cells when the NO-mediated activation of PKC-delta was inhibited by rottlerin or (-)-epigallocatechin gallate [25].
• In addition, for the first time, the GSH conjugates of gallic acid and epigallocatechin-3-gallate have been identified using mass spectrometry [26].
• Dithiothreitol did not affect the hydrolysis of PG to gallic acid by esterases but did delay the conversion of PG and prevented the formation of PG-dimer [21].
• Flavonoid molecules obtained from medicinal herbs, including astilbin and epigallocatechin gallate, were discovered to have immunomodulatory properties [27].

Gene context of Gallic acid

• Among the catechins, both the galloyl structure on the B ring and the gallate moiety contributed to the growth inhibition and AP-1 activity; the galloyl structure appeared to have a stronger effect on the inhibitory action than the gallate moiety [28].
• PURPOSE: (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) inhibits activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) and multiple downstream signaling pathways in cancer cell lines [29].
• Inhibitory effect of green tea (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on resistin gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes depends on the ERK pathway [30].
• Antimitogenic effect of green tea (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes depends on the ERK and Cdk2 pathways [31].
• In the present study, we investigated the effect of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), one of the major flavonoids containing in green tea, on ET-1-induced IL-6 synthesis in osteoblasts and the underlying mechanism [32].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Gallic acid

• Thus, Kampo formulations or their gallate components might be effective adjunctive therapy with oral rehydration solution for the severe diarrhea of cholera [33].
• (-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and theaflavins are believed to be key active components in tea for the chemoprevention against cancer [34].
• On the other hand, ECG can be converted to an anthocyaninlike compound after cleavage of the gallate moiety [35].
• Antioxidant capacity of flavanols and gallate esters: pulse radiolysis studies [19].
• Electrophoretic mobility shift assay showed increased binding of nuclear proteins to ARE consensus sequence after treatment with gallic acid [36].

References