Disease relevance of Substance

• As chair of the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics' Committee on Substance Abuse, Scott Lukas advocates continued research on the effectiveness, toxicity and natural history of anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse [1].
• In Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases there was intense immunoreactivity for Substance P in the globus pallidus and substantia nigra, and for Met-enkephalin in the globus pallidus, at variance with reported decreases in Parkinson's disease by radioimmunoassay, but in essential agreement with other immunocytochemical studies [2].
• Immunohistochemistry was combined with retrograde labeling to characterize the effect of respiratory infection with Sendai virus on the number of Substance P/Neurokinin A-containing vagal afferent neurons whose cell bodies resided in the nodose ganglia and whose receptive fields were located in guinea pig trachea [3].
• Because the release of Substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide from primary afferent neurons is increased following peripheral injury, these peptides may differentially regulate the expression of proteins that underlie persistent hyperalgesia [4].
• Clozapine Use and Relapses of Substance Use Disorder Among Patients With Co-occurring Schizophrenia and Substance Use Disorders [5].

Psychiatry related information on Substance

• BACKGROUND: Public Law 102-321 established a block grant for adults with "serious mental illness" (SMI) and required the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) to develop a method to estimate the prevalence of SMI [6].
• A special Substance Abuse Module covers tobacco, alcohol, and other drug abuse in considerable detail, allowing the assessment of the quality and severity of dependence and its course [7].
• RESULTS: Substance use disorder plus PTSD was experienced by a significant minority of the Australian general population (0.5%) [8].
• We used multivariate structural equation modeling to identify common genetic risk factors for major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia and neuroticism (N) in a sample of 9270 adult subjects from the population-based Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders [9].
• CONCLUSIONS: Substance abuse is associated with low levels of satisfaction with family relationships among persons with severe mental illness [10].

High impact information on Substance

• BACKGROUND & AIMS: Substance P, a member of the tachykinin family, is a prosecretory neuropeptide distributed widely throughout the enteric nervous system [11].
• OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of a new behavioral treatment for drug abuse in this population: Behavioral Treatment for Substance Abuse in Severe and Persistent Mental Illness (BTSAS) [12].
• CONCLUSIONS: (1) Substance P- and acetylcholine-induced coronary vasodilation, like that to acetylcholine, is at least partly due to stimulation of NO activity, indicating that the dysfunction of the coronary vascular endothelial cell layer is not restricted to muscarinic receptors [13].
• Four major observations were made: (1) Substance P- and cholecystokinin-like immunoreactivity coexist in populations of varicosities in sensory and autonomic regions of rat spinal segment L6 [14].
• Here we report that alternative, nonapoptotic pcd induced by the neurokinin-1 receptor (NK(1)R) activated by its ligand Substance P, is mediated by a MAPK phosphorylation cascade recruited by the scaffold protein arrestin 2 [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Substance

• Immunocytochemical studies of the distribution and intensity of Substance P and Met-enkephalin staining in the basal ganglia and substantia nigra were carried out in five cases each of brains from patients with Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and normal controls [2].
• The method meets and exceeds the requirements of the proposed Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration's guidelines for federal workplace drug testing of MDEA and MDMA in urine [16].
• MEASUREMENTS: The results focus on data from the Opiate Treatment Index, Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire, Substance Dependence Scale, Self-Esteem Inventory and self-reported histories of CSA [17].
• CONCLUSIONS: Substance P-mediated pulmonary vasodilation is absent in patients with systemic sclerosis, suggesting that endothelial dysfunction occurs early in the course of the illness, but some responsiveness to adenosine remains [18].
• Plasma immunoreactive LTC4, LTB4 and SRS-A (Slow Reacting Substance of Anaphylaxis or total peptido-LT's) levels were measured for each sample [19].

Biological context of Substance

• 1,3-Butadiene has been assessed as a Priority Substance under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. The general population in Canada is exposed to 1,3-butadiene primarily through ambient air [20].
• Chloroform has been assessed as a Priority Substance under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. The general population in Canada is exposed to chloroform principally through inhalation of indoor air, particularly during showering, and through ingestion of tap water [21].
• 4. Substance P increased the excitability of neurones, as evidenced by a greater anodal break activity and an increase in the number of action potentials generated during a depolarizing current pulse [22].
• 1. The effect on water intake of intracranial injections of Substance P was studied in the rat [23].
• RESULTS: Substance P caused a marked fall in systemic vascular resistance (SVR) but minimal pulmonary vasodilation (mean maximal percentage change from baseline in TPVR:SVR ratio 27.85 (6.5)%, p < 0.01) [24].

Anatomical context of Substance

• 5) Substance P serves to continuously sense painful stimuli in the periphery, and the nociceptive input from the inflamed joint shows a large amplification in the spinal cord [25].
• In Huntington's disease brains decreased Substance P staining was found in the internal globus pallidus and the substantia nigra, in agreement with radioimmunoassay studies by others [2].
• This induction appeared to be reversible as there were significantly fewer Substance P/Neurokinin A positive neurons in nodose ganglia from virus-inoculated guinea pigs at Day 28 after inoculation, a time point when virus-induced airway inflammation had all but resolved [3].
• Consequently, we have explored the platelet dense granule secretory responses to various agonists in abstinent male adolescents who meet current psychiatric diagnostic criteria for Conduct Disorder and Psychoactive Substance [26].
• CONCLUSIONS: Substance P, but not VIP or somatostatin, may be important in directly influencing neutrophil migration across endothelium towards lung inflammatory sites [27].

Associations of Substance with other chemical compounds

• Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays indicate that Asteriinae subfamily share a common glycan structure, the Fragment 1 of Acrosome Reaction-Inducing Substance from A. amurensis [28].
• Formaldehyde has been assessed as a Priority Substance under the Canadian Environmental Protection Act. Probabilistic estimates of exposure of the general population in Canada to formaldehyde in ambient and indoor air are presented [29].
• 2. Substance P effected a dose-dependent relaxation of feline middle cerebral arteries which had been contracted with prostaglandin F2 alpha [30].
• 1 Substance P induced histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells in a dose-dependent manner over the concentration range 1 to 10 microM [31].
• As we have already described a serotonin release from rat caecum mucosa, we show, now, that Substance P like-immunoreactivity may be released from the same structure [32].

Gene context of Substance

• RESULTS: Substance P caused dose-dependent increases in blood flow (P < 0.001) and plasma t-PA antigen (P = 0.04) and activity (P < 0.001) concentrations confined to the infused forearm, but had no effect on plasminogen activator inhibitor type I (PAI-I) or von Willebrand factor concentrations [33].
• The human NK-1 receptor transfected in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was studied with use of different tachykinin analogs: Substance P, [Pro9]SP, [Sar9, Met(O2)11]SP, [Gly9 psi (CH2CH2) Leu10]SP, Ac-Arg-septide, septide, [Gly9 psi (CH2CH2) Gly10]SP, NKA, [pGlu6]SP(6-11) and [Lys5]NKA(4-10) [34].
• Involvement of p38 and JNK MAPKs pathways in Substance P-induced production of TNF-alpha by peritoneal mast cells [35].
• RESULTS: Substance P induced IL-8 secretion from cultured pulp cells (approximately threefold increase over control, P < 0.05) and from pulp tissue explants (two- to three fold) [36].
• Biliary water and electrolytes are augmented by gastrin, CCK-PZ, secretin and VIP and inhibited by Substance P [37].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Substance

• PARTICIPANTS: More than 5000 members of male-male and female-female twin pairs from the Virginia Adult Twin Study of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders [38].
• METHOD: Substance-abusing patients (N=285) from substance abuse/dual-diagnosis treatment settings and mental health treatment settings participated in test and blind retest interviews with the PRISM-IV, which includes specific guidelines for assessment of substance abusers [39].
• Focal inhibitory interneuron loss and principal cell hyperexcitability in the rat hippocampus after microinjection of a neurotoxic conjugate of saporin and a peptidase-resistant analog of Substance P [40].
• 2. Substance P caused an endothelium-dependent increase in lymphatic constriction frequency which was first significant at a concentration of 1 nM (115 +/- 3% of control, n = 11) with 1 microM, the highest concentration tested, increasing the rate to 153 +/- 4% of control (n = 9) [41].
• RESULTS: Substance P concentrations in nasal lavages increased in a dose-dependent fashion during nasal bradykinin challenge in both groups [42].

References