Disease relevance of Inula

• In addition, CVB3 was inhibited by the extracts of Plumbago zeylanica and HSV-1 by Inula confertiflora [1].
• Preventative effects of the flowers of Inula britannica on autoimmune diabetes in C57BL/KsJ mice induced by multiple low doses of streptozotocin [2].
• In human trials, a combination of Inula racemosa and Commiphora mukul was shown to be superior to nitroglycerin in reducing the chest pain and dyspnea associated with angina [3].

High impact information on Inula

• Ergolide, sesquiterpene lactone from Inula britannica, inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclo-oxygenase-2 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages through the inactivation of NF-kappaB [4].
• Three new sesquiterpenes, 1beta-hydroxy-8beta-acetoxycostic acid methyl ester, 1beta-hydroxy-8beta-acetoxyisocostic acid methyl ester and 1beta-hydroxy-4alpha,11alpha-eudesma-5-en-12,8beta-olide, along with fourteen known compounds were isolated from the aerial parts of Inula japonica [5].
• The present study was designed to examine the anti-inflammatory activity of the sesquiterpenoids ilicic acid and inuviscolide, isolated from Inula viscosa, on cell degranulation, leukotriene biosynthesis, neurogenic drive and glucocorticoid-like interactions [6].
• Preventive effect of taraxasteryl acetate from Inula britannica subsp. japonica on experimental hepatitis in vivo [7].
• psi-Taraxasterol acetate from Inula viscosa [8].

Biological context of Inula

• A sesquiterpenelactone from Inula britannica induces anti-tumor effects dependent on Bcl-2 phosphorylation [9].
• Assessment of endocrine response of Inula racemosa in relation to glucose homeostasis in rats [10].

Anatomical context of Inula

• Protection against compound 48/80 induced mast cell degranulation by alcoholic extract of Inula racemosa (single dose) was similar to that of disodium cromoglycate [11].
• Effects of hispidulin, a flavone isolated from Inula viscosa, on isolated guinea-pig smooth muscle [12].

Associations of Inula with chemical compounds

• Sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes from the bark of Inula macrophylla [13].
• Acylated flavonol glycosides from the flower of Inula britannica [14].
• The aerial parts of Inula verbascifolia afforded two new xanthanes and a new germacranolide derivative, together with the known compounds inusoniolide, 4-O-dihydroinusoniolide and 9beta-hydroxyparthenolide [15].
• Macrophyllidimer C, a novel bis-sesquiterpene, in which the two sesquiterpene units are directly connected by a C-C bond, and eight other sesquiterpenolides were obtained from the bark of Inula macrophylla [16].
• The roots of Inula racemosa gave beta-sitosterol, daucosterol and isoalantolactone [17].

Gene context of Inula

• It was presumed that the effects of Inula Britannica on the production of antibodies were induced by regulation of the balance of Th1 and Th2 [18].
• On the other hand, the intraperitoneal administration of Inula Britannica suppressed IgG1 production, the ratio of IFN-gamma+IL-4-/IFN-gamma-IL-4+ cells and cytokine production of IL-6 [18].
• Three pseudoguaianolide type sesquiterpenes, bigelovin (1), 2,3-dihydroaromaticin (2), and ergolide (3) were isolated as inhibitory constituents against inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) from the flowers of Inula britannica var. chinensis [19].
• Alantolactone, isolated from the plant - Inula racemosa Hook. f. exhibited marked in vitro fungistatic activity against this strain of F. solani at 100-200 microgram/ml concentrations [20].

References