Disease relevance of Dyspnea

• We conclude that theophylline improves respiratory function and dyspnea in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and that these improvements are probably due to better respiratory-muscle performance [1].
• We have observed serious pulmonary reactions characterized by acute dyspnea, hypoxemia, and interstitial infiltrates on chest films in patients receiving amphotericin B and leukocyte transfusions [2].
• Patients receiving bleomycin should be meticulously monitored by interrogation for cough, dyspnea, and chest pain; by auscultation for rales; by serial chest roentgenograms; and by determinations of vital capacity and single-breath carbon monoxide diffusing capacity [3].
• MEASUREMENTS: Pulmonary function, maximum exercise tolerance and endurance, gas exchange, symptoms of perceived breathlessness and muscle fatigue with exercise, shortness of breath, self-efficacy for walking, depression, general quality of well-being, and hospitalizations associated with pulmonary diseases [4].
• Clinical signs and symptoms improved in 8 of 12 patients with dyspnea and inspiratory stridor and in both patients with compression of the superior vena cava [5].

Psychiatry related information on Dyspnea

• Panic disorder is characterized by unexpected, unprovoked attacks of cognitive symptoms (e.g., dread, fear) and physical symptoms (e.g., palpitations, trembling, shortness of breath) [6].
• We present a patient with a history of heroin addiction and 19 years of methadone maintenance who died of respiratory failure following nine years of slowly progressive dyspnea [7].
• Alopecia, dyspnea and cyanosis in rats, and lethargy in both species occurred in the 0.1 to 0.2% groups [8].
• A 36-year-old woman with no significant medical or familial history flew economy class from Lima, Peru, to Madrid, Spain. On disembarkation she presented sudden dyspnea and a depressed level of consciousness, global aphasia, and right hemiparesis [9].
• These data point to a very distinctive role during both recollected and lactate-induced panic attacks for fearfulness the desire to flee (by definition), and for dyspnea, difficulty performing a job and fear of losing control [10].

High impact information on Dyspnea

• The perception of dyspnea was scored on the Borg scale during breathing through inspiratory resistances ranging from 0 to 30.9 cm of water per liter per second [11].
• During the first week after discharge, patients receiving prednisone reported significantly lower mean (+/- SD) daily symptom scores for shortness of breath (1.4 +/- 0.4 vs. 2.5 +/- 0.4, P less than 0.01) and less frequent use of an inhaled bronchodilator (5.2 +/- 0.5 vs. 6.9 +/- 0.2 puffs per day, P less than 0.05) than patients receiving placebo [12].
• Niacin-treated rats showed delayed and reduced dyspnea [13].
• On the summit AMS was less common in climbers receiving acetazolamide, and they experienced less headache, nausea, drowsiness, shortness of breath, and dizziness and a greater sense of satisfaction and psychological well-being [14].
• However, there were no significant differences between the placebo and aminophylline groups in any of the spirometric measurements or the dyspnea indices (p greater than 0.5 in all five analyses) [15].

Chemical compound and disease context of Dyspnea

• Borg Dyspnea Scores and Dyspnea-Fatigue Ratings improved in the epoprostenol group [16].
• Significant improvements in FEV1 and FVC measured before and after metaproterenol treatment and in dyspnea occurred over time in both treatment groups (p less than 0.05 for all measurements) [15].
• In selected patients, chronic afterload reduction with oral hydralazine may result in increased cardiac reserve, decreased pulmonary congestion or decreased myocardial oxygen demands, thereby improving or abolishing resting or exertional dyspnea or angina [17].
• Symptoms were common, regardless of estrogen treatment (abdominal pain 60%, shortness of breath 40%, or both 35%) [18].
• Of 19 consecutive smokers of cocaine, "freebase" cocaine users, admitted to a chemical dependence program, 12 (63%) had respiratory symptoms and ten (58%) noted dyspnea [19].

Biological context of Dyspnea

• Antemortem diagnosis of right atrial tumor thrombi in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma is difficult, but the condition should be suspected when dyspnea, abnormal cardiac sounds, and shock develop [20].
• Maximum-tolerated dose (MTD) of SC IL-2 was 3 x 10(6) U/m2, with dose-limiting toxicities that consisted of grade 4 fatigue and dyspnea [21].
• Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), determined by spirometry, is the best known of these measures; however, it does not correlate well with dyspnea or exercise capacity, which are important targets for improvement in COPD management [22].
• Neither patients nor control subjects exhibited meaningful change in tidal volume, respiratory frequency, or minute ventilation, and both groups experienced a trend toward significant decrease in overall levels of anxiety and dyspnea after acetazolamide injection [23].
• Patients commonly presented with dyspnea, hemoptysis, hypoxemia, new pulmonary infiltrates on chest radiograph and excessive prolongation of the activated partial thromboplastin time [24].

Anatomical context of Dyspnea

• A 72-year-old woman was initially seen with increasing dyspnea and a new murmur occurring six years after mitral valve replacement with a glutaraldehyde-stabilized porcine xenograft [25].
• We conclude that epinephrine appears to be an important factor in the regulation of the bronchial smooth muscle tone in patients with early morning dyspnea [26].
• The role of endogenous hydrocortisone in the regulation of lymphocyte activity was assayed in patients with asthma (patients with chronic nonspecific lung disease, characterized by attacks of dyspnea, alternating with symptom-free periods) and healthy control subjects [27].
• In patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, clinical symptoms such as exertional dyspnea, angina and collapse are considered to be rather the consequence of diastolic than of systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle [28].
• Exacerbations of COPD, which include combinations of dyspnea, cough, wheezing, increased sputum production (and a change in its color to green or yellow), are common [29].

Gene context of Dyspnea

• Three SNPs in TGFB1 were associated with dyspnea (p </= 0.002), one of which replicated in the family study (p = 0.02) [30].
• The presence of dyspnea, wheezing, and fever was also associated with high CRP levels [31].
• CONCLUSIONS: The results of this phase 2 study suggest that neutralization of IL-8 with monoclonal antibody therapy may improve dyspnea in patients with COPD [32].
• MEASUREMENTS: Pulmonary function, chest radiographs, dyspnea, and TNF-alpha levels in serum and BAL fluid [33].
• A 12-year-old girl defective not only for AT III but also protein C and protein S developed disseminated intravascular coagulation accompanied by arterial thrombosis in her left hand following dyspnea associated with bronchial asthma [34].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Dyspnea

• METHODS: Dobutamine stress echocardiography was used in 30 patients (mean [+/-SD] age 70 +/- 12 years; 21 women, 9 men) with exertional dyspnea and negative exercise test results, and the values were compared with those in 15 control subjects [35].
• Measurements of arterial oxygen saturation, lung function, and dyspnea (using a visual analogue scale [VAS] and Borg score) were made before and after each gas had been given for 15 min [36].
• One hundred sixty-one patients with mild to severe COPD completed pulmonary function tests, progressive cycle ergometer testing for exercise capacity, assessment of dyspnea, HRQoL, anxiety, and depression [37].
• Baseline studies included an independent assessment of dyspnea, lung volumes, diffusing capacity of carbon monoxide (DLCO), a chest radiograph, a high resolution CT (HRCT) scan, and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) [38].
• These patients developed dose-limiting toxicities including hypotension, dyspnea and increased blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, and bilirubin [39].

References