Disease relevance of Matrix Attachment Regions

• Stimulation of Tat-independent transcriptional processivity from the HIV-1 LTR promoter by matrix attachment regions [1].
• We used a rapid long TE proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic (MRS) sequence in the normal appearing white matter of 11 patients with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) localizing the volume of interest in the centrum semi-ovale [2].

High impact information on Matrix Attachment Regions

• Binding of matrix attachment regions to lamin B1 [3].
• SATB1 binds in vivo to the matrix attachment regions (MARs) of DNA, which are implicated in the loop domain organization of chromatin [4].
• Deletion of the Ig kappa light chain intronic enhancer/matrix attachment region impairs but does not abolish V kappa J kappa rearrangement [5].
• SAF-A binds at multiple sites to the human SAR element; competition studies with synthetic polynucleotides indicate that these sites most probably reside in the multitude of A/T-stretches which are distributed throughout this element [6].
• The matrix attachment regions of the chicken lysozyme gene co-map with the boundaries of the chromatin domain [7].

Biological context of Matrix Attachment Regions

• MAF1, a novel plant protein interacting with matrix attachment region binding protein MFP1, is located at the nuclear envelope [8].
• The matrix attachment region in the Chinese hamster dihydrofolate reductase origin of replication may be required for local chromatid separation [9].
• Toward the development of autonomous transgene expression cassettes, we inserted the human interferon-beta scaffold attachment region (IFN-SAR) and the chicken beta-globin 5' DNase I hypersensitive site 4 (5'HS4) insulator both separately and together into a series of self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vector backbones [10].
• Genomic imprinting controls matrix attachment regions in the Igf2 gene [11].
• Modulated binding of SATB1, a matrix attachment region protein, to the AT-rich sequence flanking the major breakpoint region of BCL2 [12].

Anatomical context of Matrix Attachment Regions

• Drosophila scaffold-attached regions bind nuclear scaffolds and can function as ARS elements in both budding and fission yeasts [13].
• We have developed a new helper-dependent (HD) adenoviral vector FTC that contains 3 cis-acting sequences as stuffer DNA: a human fragment of alphoid repeat DNA, matrix-attachment regions (MARs), and the hepatocyte control region enhancer [14].
• None of the DNase I-hypersensitive sites/matrix attachment regions, either alone or in combination, were sufficient for tissue-specific WT1 expression in transient and stably transfected cell lines [15].
• We have purified to near homogeneity a novel nuclear protein from HeLa cells, that specifically binds to scaffold or matrix attachment region DNA elements (S/MAR DNA) [16].
• A transgene with scaffold attachment regions flanking the murine HSP70.1 promoter linked to firefly luciferase cDNA, was microinjected into pronuclei of in vitro produced zygotes [17].

Associations of Matrix Attachment Regions with chemical compounds

• These sequences had topoisomerase II (Topo II) cleavage sites and adenine and thimine-rich sequences known to be specific to nuclear scaffold-attachment regions (SARs) [18].
• The degradation profile of extrachromosomal circular DNA during cisplatin-induced apoptosis is consistent with preferential cleavage at matrix attachment regions [19].
• Osmium tetroxide footprinting of a scaffold attachment region in the maize Adh1 promoter [20].
• A matrix attachment region is located upstream from the high-molecular-weight glutenin gene Bx7 in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) [21].
• Nuclear matrices and matrix attachment regions from Green alga: Dunaliella salina [22].

Gene context of Matrix Attachment Regions

• The TOP1 gene includes two well characterized matrix attachment regions [23].
• Novel transcription factor Satb2 interacts with matrix attachment region DNA elements in a tissue-specific manner and demonstrates cell-type-dependent expression in the developing mouse CNS [24].
• The regulatory elements (imprinted control region, CTCF insulation, different enhancer sequences, promoters of the two genes, matrix attachment regions) confer a differential chromatin architecture to the two parental alleles leading to reciprocal expression [25].
• MFP1, a novel plant filament-like protein with affinity for matrix attachment region DNA [26].
• In this report we describe a new biochemical activity of mutant p53, the specific high-affinity interaction with MAR/SAR DNA-elements (nuclear matrix/scaffold attachment regions) [27].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Matrix Attachment Regions

• We review the use of ligation-mediated PCR for the analysis of chromatin, including the human phosphoglycerate kinase promoter, and also report initial studies of a matrix attachment region near the human beta-interferon gene [28].

References