Disease relevance of LYZ

• Hybrid phages that contain chicken lysozyme gene sequences have been isolated from a chicken DNA library [1].
• The silencer region shares strong sequence similarity with 5'-flanking sequences found in both the human and hamster vimentin genes and with other characterized silencer elements, including the human immunodeficiency virus long terminal repeat, rat growth hormone, chicken lysozyme, and rat insulin genes [2].
• We examined an endogenous gene the growth hormone (GH) gene, and a stably transfected plasmid containing the chicken lysozyme silencer (F2) T3 response element (TRE) gene, F2-TRE-TK-CAT, both in pituitary tumor (GC) cells [3].
• Expression of a construct with the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) indicator gene controlled by the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter (TC) and a construct in which the same transcriptional unit is flanked by chicken lysozyme 5' MARs (MTCM) was assayed after stable transfection into rat fibroblasts [4].
• The antibody inhibited lysis of Micrococcus lysodeikticus by chicken lysozyme [5].

Psychiatry related information on LYZ

• At conditions of limited chemical modification, mass-spectrometric peptide-mapping analyses of lysozyme derivatives enabled the direct assignment of relative reactivities of lysine and arginine residues at different reaction times and reagent concentrations [6].

High impact information on LYZ

• Modular structure of a chicken lysozyme silencer: involvement of an unusual thyroid hormone receptor binding site [7].
• We show that the chicken lysozyme silencer S-2.4 kb has many other characteristics in common with enhancer elements [7].
• Conversely, a derivative of chicken lysozyme containing the last six amino acids of grp78 fails to be secreted and instead accumulates in the ER [8].
• The kinetics and polarity of lysozyme secretion from one transformed cell clone were studied using cell monolayers grown on nitrocellulose filters [9].
• Sequences in the promoter region of the chicken lysozyme gene required for steroid regulation and receptor binding [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of LYZ

• Hen lysozyme and the beta2 subunit of Escherichia coli tryptophan synthase were chosen as model systems since their folding pathways had been previously investigated in detail [11].
• When hen egg-white lysozyme was produced in Escherichia coli, it possessed an extra methionine residue at the N-terminus (Met(-1)-lysozyme) [12].
• The complete amino acid sequence (185 amino acid residues) of the good-type lysozyme from the egg white of ostrich (Struthio camelus) has been determined from the study of tryptic and Staphylococcus aureus V8 protease peptides as well as of CNBr and BNPS-skatole fragments [13].
• This enzyme was inactive towards Micrococcus luteus and under the physiological conditions of PH 7.0 and ionic strength 0.1, but was as active toward glycol chitin as was hen lysozyme [14].
• The indole C-2(delta 1) carbon of Trp 62 in hen egg-white lysozyme was selectively labeled with 13C through a series of reactions involving N'-formylkynurenine 62-lysozyme with K13CN, NaBH4-reduction, and acid-catalyzed dehydration [15].

Biological context of LYZ

• We have determined the DNA sequence of a 770 bp Pst 1 fragment containing 450 nucleotides of the 5' flanking region of the chicken lysozyme gene [16].
• The nucleotide sequence was determined for the chicken egg white lysozyme mRNA and for the exons of the gene together with their flanking intron regions [17].
• Exons encode functional and structural units of chicken lysozyme [17].
• Thus no correlation is observed between degree of CpG methylation and level of expression of the lysozyme gene [18].
• We have analyzed the methylation state of all nine CpG sites in the transcription start region (-420 to +250 base pairs) of the chicken lysozyme gene by genomic sequencing [18].

Anatomical context of LYZ

• Immunoadsorption of specific chicken oviduct polysomes. Isolation of ovalbumin, ovomucoid, and lysozyme messenger RNA [19].
• Lysozyme mRNA was translated in a reticulocyte lysate with mixtures of radioactive amino acids [20].
• We have previously defined cis-acting regions flanking the chicken lysozyme-gene domain that mediate the attachment of the chromatin to the nuclear scaffold [21].
• Remarkably, ectopic coexpression of Myb and NF-M proteins in erythroid cells or fibroblasts was sufficient to induce endogenous markers of myeloid differentiation, like the mim-1 and lysozyme genes [22].
• During weekly MER therapy, monocyte adherence, serum lysozyme, and ADCC of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to CRBC rose significantly within 4-7 days after the first dose (3.8-8.7 adherent cells/ml blood x 10(4), 7.6-10.8 microgram, and 34.4-41.4% target cell lysis, respectively) [23].

Associations of LYZ with chemical compounds

• Structural and dynamical properties of a denatured protein. Heteronuclear 3D NMR experiments and theoretical simulations of lysozyme in 8 M urea [24].
• The replacement of Trp 62 of hen egg-white lysozyme with a tyrosine residue was performed by site-directed mutagenesis using a 19-mer oligodeoxyribonucleotide [25].
• Similar nucleotide sequences have been found in the human metallothionein gene IIA and in the chicken lysozyme gene, the later induced also by oestrogen, progesterone and androgens [26].
• The NH2-terminal sequence of pre-lysozyme is: (formula: see text) where lysine is the NH2 terminus of lysozyme [20].
• Precursor of egg white lysozyme. Amino acid sequence of an NH2-terminal extension [20].

Other interactions of LYZ

• Ovomucoid mean wheal diameters were significantly greater than wheal diameters in response to ovalbumin, lysozyme, and egg white extract at the three most concentrated of five dilutions tested: 0.01, 0.03, and 0.1 mg/ml (p < 0.01) [27].
• From this library, ovomucoid cDNA and lysozyme cDNA-bearing plasmids have been identified [28].
• Sequence comparison at the 5' end of the lysozyme, conalbumin and ovalbumin genes reveals only one region of partial homology, 140 nucleotides upstream from the mRNA start sites [16].
• The crude egg white extract was passed through a cation exchanger Streamline trade mark SP and the bound lysozyme was eluted with 5% ammonium carbonate, pH 9.0, containing 1 M NaCl after elution of avidin [29].
• Both the rate and the extent of ubiquitin-lysozyme conjugation, however, are significantly higher with this modified substrate [30].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of LYZ

• Conversion of Trp 62 of hen egg-white lysozyme to Tyr by site-directed mutagenesis [25].
• In microinjection experiments, deletion of only 44 base pairs (bp) of the lysozyme promoter (from -208 to -164) results in coordinated loss of progesterone and glucocorticoid-dependent gene expression [26].
• The in vitro product isolated by immunoprecipitation was shown by gel electrophoresis, peptide mapping, and sequence analysis to be larger than lysozyme synthesized in vivo [20].
• However, SDS-PAGE and immunoblot studies demonstrated contaminating lysozyme in the ovomucoid extract and identified lysozyme as the main allergen causing egg sensitization in this patient [31].
• Conformational changes induced in ovomucoid, lysozyme and ovotransferrin on reductive addition of different sized substituents have been studied employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and circular dichroic spectroscopy (CD) [32].

References