Disease relevance of Pituitary-Adrenal System

• Bacterial endotoxins such as Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) bind to specific Toll-like receptors in fixed and circulating immunocompetent cells and activate the sympathetic and pituitary-adrenal system through similar receptors in cells that form the blood-brain interface [1].
• Fluoxetine, a drug that inhibits serotonin inactivation by reuptake from the synaptic cleft and thereby enhances serotonin nerve function, was used to study the possible role of serotonin neurons in the activation of the pituitary-adrenal system of rats by swim stress or insulin-induced hypoglycemia [2].

High impact information on Pituitary-Adrenal System

• RU 486: a steroid with antiglucocorticosteroid activity that only disinhibits the human pituitary-adrenal system at a specific time of day [3].
• The available evidence suggests that the acute effects of IL-1 are exerted ultimately at the level of the hypothalamus to increase corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) secretion into the hypophyseal portal circulation, and hence the central drive on the pituitary-adrenal system [4].
• The response of the pituitary-adrenal system to epinephrine was not caused by effects on peripheral parameters such as the distribution or clearance of ACTH or B but was mediated by an increase in ACTH release [5].
• Therefore hormones of the pituitary-adrenal system appear to be involved in the damage to the retina by light, and this response may be related to an interaction or synergism between the adrenal gland, stress, and prolactin secretion [6].
• OBJECTIVE: The diazepam-like effects of PC60 on stress responsiveness of the rat pituitary-adrenal system and on sympathoadrenal activity were studied [7].

Biological context of Pituitary-Adrenal System

• Our studies suggest that the fluctuation of HDC activity in fetal liver in late gestation is regulated by the plasma glucocorticoid level through the pituitary-adrenal system [8].
• These results indicate that the pituitary-adrenal system is capable of influencing the maintenance of a normal secretion of gonadotrophin and prolactin as well as the maintenance of ovarian function during lactation in the rat [9].
• It is suggested that male pheromones, through activation of the pituitary-adrenal system and acute release of corticosterone, participate in the stimulation of sexual behavior in receptive female mice [10].

Anatomical context of Pituitary-Adrenal System

• Secondly, the relationship between basal receptors and 17-ketogenic steroids after 2 mg of dexamethasone suggests that glucocorticoid receptors in human mononuclear leukocytes could reflect the sensitivity of the nervous system-pituitary-adrenal axis to dexamethasone inhibition [11].
• Stress-induced activation of the pituitary-adrenal system appears to be mediated predominantly by hypothalamic neurons containing ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRF) and vasopressin in the region of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) [12].

Associations of Pituitary-Adrenal System with chemical compounds

• The pituitary-adrenal system in the fetal rat is relatively well-developed and during the later part of fetal life circulating corticosterone levels are comparable to those seen in adults [13].
• Circadian variation in the sensitivity of the pituitary-adrenal system to dexamethasone suppression [14].
• We conclude from these results that the pituitary-adrenal system exerts inhibitory effects on progesterone secretion during mid-pregnancy in rats [15].
• Regulation of the central nervous system-pituitary-adrenal axis in rats after neonatal treatment with monosodium glutamate [16].
• Neonatal 6-hydroxydopamine prevents adaptation to chemical disruption of the pituitary-adrenal system in the rat [17].

Gene context of Pituitary-Adrenal System

• We conclude that AVP has an important role in stress-induced activation of the pituitary-adrenal system, possibly by potentiating the effects of CRF [18].
• Graded doses arginine-vasopressin (AVP) were administered to depressed patients and control subjects to compare the sensitivity of the pituitary-adrenal system of these subjects for this compound [19].
• Serum corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG) concentrations were measured by a radioligand method in rats under the action of some factors influencing activity of pituitary-adrenal system [20].
• To evaluate the immediate effect of exposure to a high level of noise on the sympatho-adrenal and pituitary-adrenal systems, measurements were made of circulating catecholamines, growth hormone, ACTH, and cortisol in seven normal male subjects [21].
• We suggest that low cortisol levels that appear during LAR are not principally due to any dysfunction in the pituitary adrenal system [22].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Pituitary-Adrenal System

• Sensitivity of the fetal rat pituitary-adrenal system to corticotropin-releasing factor in organ culture [23].

References