Disease relevance of Myanmar

• In 2001, Myanmar (Burma) had its largest outbreak of dengue-15,361 reported cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever/dengue shock syndrome (DHF/DSS), including 192 deaths [1].
• Influence of blister packaging on the efficacy of artesunate + mefloquine over artesunate alone in community-based treatment of non-severe falciparum malaria in Myanmar [2].
• TNFP-D showed no significant linkage disequilibrium with any alleles of HLA-B or HLA-DRB1, suggesting that TNFP-D was primarily associated with cerebral malaria in Myanmar [3].
• Fifty-two patients who had been bitten by Russell's vipers in Myanmar developed acute renal failure (serum creatinine exceeding 1.3 mg/dL) [4].
• Immunoplaque assay revealed the occurrence of antibodies against this epitope in the sera from experimental monkeys with the convalescent phase and from patients of Myanmar, Nepal and India. The data indicate that the cDNA fragments are useful for immunodiagnosis of hepatitis E [5].

High impact information on Myanmar

• Association between protection against clinical malaria and antibodies to merozoite surface antigens in an area of hyperendemicity in Myanmar: complementarity between responses to merozoite surface protein 3 and the 220-kilodalton glutamate-rich protein [6].
• The Commission also organized Epilepsy Teaching Courses in Vietnam, Indonesia, Myanmar, Mongolia, and Nepal to reinforce infrastructures of epilepsy management [7].
• The highest deficit observed was 48% in two products (co-trimoxazole, Yong Fong, Myanmar; benzylpenicillin, China [city and manufacturer unknown]) [8].
• Fission-track zircon age of the Eocene Pondaung Formation, Myanmar [9].
• Two hundred and nine beta-thalassaemia (beta-Thal) alleles of 158 unrelated Myanmar patients (107 HbE-beta-Thal; 51 beta-Thal major) were analysed for beta-globin gene mutations [10].

Chemical compound and disease context of Myanmar

• Comparison of chloroquine, sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine, mefloquine and mefloquine-artesunate for the treatment of falciparum malaria in Kachin State, North Myanmar [11].
• A previously developed Russell's viper venom toxoid in Myanmar is in a liquid form that shows reversion in the form of a reduced number of formaldehyde linkages and toxicity during storage at 37 degrees C and at room temperature [12].
• An epidemiologic study of 70 oral cancer cases at the Institute of Dental Medicine, Yangon, Myanmar, 1985-1988 [13].
• They have a significant influence on the effectiveness of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) mass treatment at the provincial level in the National Program to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (PELF) during the fiscal years (FY) 2002-2006, in Thailand. Two oral doses of DEC 6 mg/kg are given twice a year to the eligible Myanmar migrants (> or = 2 years old) [14].

Anatomical context of Myanmar

• Influx of the purine nucleoside, adenosine, was assessed in erythrocytes from both normal subjects and from subjects with a range of genetically determined erythrocyte disorders from Myanmar [15].

Associations of Myanmar with chemical compounds

• Mefloquine susceptibility of P. falciparum in Myanmar, except for Mawlamyine, was consistent with clinical-parasitological efficacy in semi-immune people [16].
• A field study was performed to determine the prevalence of lactose malabsorption in Myanmar children and to evaluate the possibility of using breath methane excretion to indicate lactose malabsorption in a field situation [17].
• In the present study, we determined env (C2/V3) and gag (p17) subtypes of 25 specimens from central Myanmar (Mandalay) [18].
• This study indicates that chloroquine is losing its efficacy against P. vivax in Myanmar [19].
• Chloroquine (CQ) and sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (SP) are two first-line antimalarials used under the existing Indian National Drug Policy in the north-eastern region of India bordering several countries including Myanmar [20].

Gene context of Myanmar

• In Thailand, the TNF-alpha 5'-flanking region shows biallelic polymorphic sites at nucleotides -238, -308, -857, -863, and -1031, and seven alleles have been identified in patients from Myanmar [21].
• A total of 57 severe (45 males and 12 females) and 34 mild (five males and 29 females) cases of G6PD deficiency were detected among 855 subjects in Myanmar whilst 30 severe (25 males and five females) and 23 mild (six males and 17 females) cases were found among 1286 subjects in Indonesia [22].
• The latter included alpha-thalassemia major (Myanmar variant), beta-thalassemia major (Myanmar variant), beta-thalassemia trait, HbEE and HbAE erythrocytes and two variants of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) deficiency [15].
• In this study, we have analyzed genetic variations in the dhfr genes of clinical isolates of P. vivax (n=21) in Myanmar, to monitor antifolate resistance in this country [23].
• The increasing illicit manufacture of ATS, particularly methamphetamine, in Southeast Asia, mainly in China and Myanmar, was also a major concern [24].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Myanmar

• The frequency distributions of apolipoprotein C alleles in native Asian sheep (Bengal, Kagi, Lampuchhre, Vietnamese, Myanmar, Baruwal, Bhyanglung, Khalkhas, and Kuwait) were determined using a one-dimensional polyacrylamide gel isoelectric-focusing immunoblotting technique [25].

References