Disease relevance of americium

• Osteosarcoma development following single inhalation exposure to americium-241 in beagle dogs [1].
• But in bone there are indications that, due to microscopic differences in the distribution of the alpha-particle radiation dose, the efficiency of bone cancer induction may increase in the order americium-241 less than plutonium-239 less than neptunium-237 [2].
• Exponentially growing and plateau phase cultures of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells (suspension strain) were treated with either fast electrons, X-rays, fast neutrons or Am-241-alpha-particles in a dose range from about 0.02 Gy to 1 Gy and for comparison also at higher doses [3].
• The bone mineral density (g/cm3) of the distal cancellous radius was determined in a consecutive series of 21 women and 54 men with urolithiasis with the Americium-241 gamma ray attenuation method [4].
• Gamma ray photons scattered incoherently from normal and pathological breast tissue samples of nine breast cancer patients were measured using a high purity germanium detector and an americium (Am-241) source [5].

High impact information on americium

• The metabolism of americium-241 has been studied during an 8-year period in an adult male and his son who, at the ages of 50 and 4 years, respectively, were accidentally and unknowingly contaminated within their home by means of inhalation [6].
• An accurate, in vivo Am-241 excited x-ray fluorescence techniques was investigated for exploring the correlation between thyroid iodine content (TIC) and various thyroid disorders [7].
• Radiation doses to the patient were estimated with TLD measurements to be about 15 mrem from I-123, and 13 mrem from Am-241 [7].
• Effect of americium-241 alpha-particles on the dose-response of chromosome aberrations in human lymphocytes analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridization [8].
• MATERIAL AND METHODS: Monolayers of human peripheral lymphocytes were exposed at doses from 0.02 to 1 Gy to alpha-particles emitted from a source of americium-241 [8].

Chemical compound and disease context of americium

• PURPOSE: To compare tumour induction in CBA/H mice, principally osteosarcoma and acute myeloid leukaemia, resulting from exposure to the alpha-emitting nuclides, uranium-233, plutonium-239 and americium-241, and to relate differences between the three nuclides to the pattern of dose delivery within tissues [9].

Biological context of americium

• The Americium-241 gamma ray attenuation method was used to measure the changes in bone mineral density [10].
• Radiochemical measurements on tissues taken from sheep from the Cumbrian and Lancashire coast have given data which allow the tissue distribution and body content of plutonium isotopes, americium-241 and caesium-137 to be calculated [11].
• Pattern of uptake of americium-241 by the rat skeleton and its subsequent redistribution and retention: implications for human dosimetry and toxicology [12].
• Severe and partly irreversible G2 arrest caused by americium-241 alpha-particles in Chinese hamster V79 cells acted as a competing process to the yield of detectable aberrant mitoses at metaphase [13].

Anatomical context of americium

• METHODS AND RESULTS: A phantom measurement and a study of 21 patients with low likelihood of coronary artery disease were performed with a triple-head SPECT system equipped with a americium 241 line source [14].
• A device to irradiate a monolayer of cultured cells with alpha-particles using an Am-241 alpha-source (33.4 MBq) was designed to investigate RBEs of alpha-particles in cell killing, induction of chromosome aberration, mutagenic changes and transformation [15].
• Americium-241 accumulation in the hepatopancreas of the lobster was studied during the digestive cycle [16].
• Biodynamic study of americium-241 accumulation in the cytosol of the hepatopancreas of the lobster Homarus gammarus [16].
• Bronchopulmonary macrophages, isolated from canine lungs by saline lavage and grown in tissue culture for short periods, were acutely irradiated with a range of doses of either Americium-241 alpha particles (0.03-48 Gy) or 250 keV x-rays (0.5-24 Gy) [17].

Associations of americium with other chemical compounds

• This effect was investigated experimentally by using a collimated beam of 59.54-keV photons from Am-241 (44.4 GBq) and a collimated intrinsic germanium detector [18].
• Crystallographic, X-ray absorption, and IR studies of solid- and solution-state structures of tris(nitrato) N,N,N',N'-tetraethylmalonamide complexes of lanthanides. Comparison with the Americium complex [19].
• The efficacies of pure LICAM(C) and DTPA on the retention of plutonium-238 and americium-241 in rats after their inhalation as nitrate and intravenous injection as citrate [20].
• Plutonium-239 and americium-241 were administered to adult hamsters in various chemical forms and their absorption from the gut was measured [21].

References