Disease relevance of FK-565

• The heptanoyl tripeptide, FK-565 is a biological response modifier with potent therapeutic properties for the treatment of experimental and spontaneous metastases [1].
• FK-565 (heptanoyl-gamma-D-Glu-(L-meso-a, epsilon-A2pm (L)-D-AlaOH) is a synthetic acyltripeptide closely resembling cell wall peptidoglycan peptides of Streptomyces in structure [2].
• Human blood monocytes were isolated by counter-flow centrifugal elutriation from healthy donors and these noncytotoxic monocytes were rendered tumoricidal to allogeneic melanoma (A375) cells by activation with a synthetic acyltripeptide (FK-565), as assessed by measuring release of [125I]iododeoxyuridine in 72 h [3].
• Alveolar macrophages (AM) lavaged from lungs of F344 rats were activated by in vitro treatment with FK-565 and its derivatives at concentrations of 1-50 micrograms/ml medium, and the activated AM killed syngeneic mammary adenocarcinoma cells [2].
• FK-565 inhibited splenomegaly in intravenous and oral doses of 0.01 to 1 mg/kg, but time of initial dosing had little effect on this inhibition [4].

Psychiatry related information on FK-565

• We investigated the effect of immunoactive peptides, FK-156 and FK-565 on host defense mechanisms against microbial invasion [5].

High impact information on FK-565

• Furthermore, when the LAK cells induced by culture with IL-2 in the presence or absence of CP/FK-565 were co-cultured with tumour cells, the production of these cytokines was significantly enhanced [6].
• Treatment of blood mononuclear cells (MNC) of healthy donors with cisplatin or FK-565 in the presence of IL-2 resulted in a significant increase in LAK activity against natural killer (NK)-resistant Daudi cells as assessed by the 4 h 51Cr release assay [7].
• The macrophage-mediated cytotoxicity was significantly enhanced when TNF-primed macrophages were treated with cisplatin, LPS, FK-565 or interferon-gamma for 24 h, compared to unprimed and treated macrophages [8].
• FK-565 also acted synergistically with rIFN-gamma to stimulate monocytes to produce membrane-associated IL-1 activity, which induced C3H/HeJ thymocyte blastogenesis in response to phytohemagglutinin P [3].
• The fixed-monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity to A375 cells was induced by the synergistic actions of FK-565 and recombinant interferon-gamma (rIFN-gamma), but not other cytokines [rIFN-alpha A, rIFN-beta, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin (IL)-2, -3 and -6] [3].

Chemical compound and disease context of FK-565

• A single dose of FK-565, however, markedly decreased body weight in healthy DBA/2 mice, whereas FK-156 and FR-46758 did not [9].
• The effects of route and starting time of administration on FK-565 inhibition of splenomegaly by Friend leukemia virus (FLV) were studied in mice, and the concomitant effect of FK-565 in allowing reduction of zidovudine dosage was estimated [4].
• However, the effect of WS1279 on restoration of reduced granulocyte counts in MMC-induced leukopenia in mice was less than that of FK-565, lipopolysaccharide, picibanil or forphenicinol [10].

Biological context of FK-565

• The role of cisplatin and FK-565 in up-regulation of lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cell induction by IL-2 was examined [7].
• A new synthetic immunoactive peptide FK 565, given before or simultaneously with viral inoculation, proved effective in inhibiting myocardial virus replication and myocardial damage in murine EMC viral myocarditis [11].
• FK 156 and FK 565 given parenterally or orally to mice enhanced spreading of peritoneal macrophages, phagocytosis of latex particles and intracellular killing of bacteria by peritoneal macrophages [12].

Anatomical context of FK-565

• Tumor cytotoxicity of human monocyte membrane-bound interleukin-1 alpha induced by synergistic actions of interferon-gamma and synthetic acyltripeptide, FK-565 [3].
• Doses of FK-565 greater than 5 mg/kg are required for in vivo augmentation of natural killer cells, macrophages, and for therapeutic activity, presumably because FK-565 is a peptide small molecular mass which is rapidly degraded and excreted [1].
• In addition to its therapeutic properties, which were consistently greater than the positive control at optimal doses, FK-565 had significant immunoaugmentary properties for natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that its therapeutic activity is due to immune augmentation [1].
• We have shown that treatment of PBMC with IL-2 for four days caused an increase in intracellular free calcium and in ATP levels, which were further significantly enhanced when LAK cells were generated in the presence of CP/FK-565 [13].
• In vitro and in vivo evaluation of effects of a heptanoyl tripeptide, FK-565, on porcine macrophage and lymphocyte function [14].

Associations of FK-565 with other chemical compounds

• Immunoactive peptides, FK 156 and FK 565. IV. Activation of mouse macrophages [12].
• The survival rate and survival time after infection with massive amounts of FLV were higher when FK-565 1 mg/kg and zidovudine 20 mg/kg were given in combination than when either drug was given alone [4].
• Bleomycin and FK 565 enhance the release of GM-CSF from LPS-stimulated BALB/c peritoneal macrophages [15].

Gene context of FK-565

• Compared with values for control cultures, mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte blastogenesis and interleukin-2 production were unaffected in cells preincubated with 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 micrograms of FK-565/ml [14].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of FK-565

• These results suggest that FK-565 has potential as an effective immunopotentiator in immunotherapy [16].
• The PMs were also activated to kill B16 melanoma cells by intraperitoneal injections of FK-565 (10 mg/kg) [16].

References