Disease relevance of Tricaine

• Frogs anesthetized by benzocaine and pentobarbital and high concentrations of MS-222 required resuscitation due to hypoxia [1].

High impact information on Tricaine

• The fish were anaesthetized with MS-222 and spike potentials were suppressed with locally applied tetrodotoxin [2].
• Effect of the anesthetic tricaine (MS-222) on nerve activity in the anterior lateral line of the oyster toadfish, Opsanus tau [3].
• Embryos treated with DMDTC, NaM, and NCu were rescued by adding triciaine (MS-222) which abolishes the spontaneous muscle contractions that begin at 18 hpf [4].
• The effect of MS-222 on rhodopsin regeneration in the frog [5].
• 2. Recordings of efferent spontaneous activity in the lateral-line nerve were used as a measure of the central effect of metacaine during administration in the respiratory stream, as compared with respiration of fresh water [6].

Biological context of Tricaine

• During the wound-healing stage subsequent to forelimb amputation in the experimental cases (0 hours to 3 days) anaesthetized in MS 222 pH 7.0, there were intervals of significantly elevated serum IRI followed by a period of decreased IRI concentration compared with the levels in anaesthetized (MS 222 pH 7.0) and nonanaesthetized intact controls [7].
• 2. At 60 mg/l MS-222 the elevated haematocrit was fully accounted for by erythrocyte swelling, but at 100 mg/l red cell count also increased [8].
• The anesthetic efficacy of different concentrations of MS-222 was compared to benzocaine and pentobarbital on the physiological changes, heart rate and ECG (electrocardiogram) parameters in the leopard frog, Rana pipiens [1].

Anatomical context of Tricaine

• 7. Reactions of trigeminal nerve fibers to mechanical stimulation of the skin were reduced after application of a metacaine solution to the skin [6].
• Tricaine (MS-222): effects on ionic conductances of squid axon membranes [9].
• The MPO assay detected MPO activity in fathead minnow neutrophils that correlated to neutrophil numbers, confirmed that degranulation was increased when CaI was used compared to other stimulants, determined degranulation peak at 60 min and confirmed decreased degranulation after exposure to handling and crowding stress, with and without MS-222 [10].
• The effect of MS 222 an anaesthetic on the peroxide metabolism enzymes in erythrocytes of freshwater and marine fish species [11].
• The effect of metacaine on the slow variation of peak sodium currents in potential clamped Ranvier nodes following changes in holding potential [12].

Associations of Tricaine with other chemical compounds

• Exposure to EDTA or MS-222 changes the permeability properties to resemble those of an aquous barrier [13].
• After careful pH adjustment of the filtrate, MS-222 is partitioned into benzene-ethyl ether and measured by alkali flame ionization gas chromatography [14].

Gene context of Tricaine

• We measured microvessel hydraulic conductivity (Lp) in isolated perfused MS-222-anesthetized frog mesenteric microvessels during perfusion with VEGF under conditions that attenuate calcium influx [15].
• 4. At 13 degrees C in the spring, MS 222 has no immediate influence on the activity of these enzymes, whilst at the same temperature at the beginning of winter, SOD is the only one activated [11].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Tricaine

• 1. Free-swimming fish (Tilapia leucosticta and Rutilus rutilus) were used to determine threshold concentrations required for general anesthesia with metacaine (MS-222) [6].
• Three different immobilization methods were applied: enclosure in agar, a glass rod in the neural tube and anaesthesia in MS-222 [16].
• Therefore, MS-222 at a concentration of 200 mg/l or less is highly recommended for leopard frogs because prolonged recovery, high mortality rate and significant ECG changes are observed with higher concentrations of MS-222 [1].

References