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FRK  -  fyn-related Src family tyrosine kinase

Homo sapiens

Synonyms: FYN-related kinase, GTK, Nuclear tyrosine protein kinase RAK, PTK5, Protein-tyrosine kinase 5, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of FRK

 

High impact information on FRK

  • Furthermore, the fraction of CD27-negative effector, RAK-specific CD8(+) T cells tended to increase (from 12.2 to 17.31% CD27(-); p = 0.051), in accordance with Ag-driven differentiation [6].
  • Moreover, ETV6/FRK inhibited ETV6-mediated transcriptional repression in a dominant-negative manner [1].
  • The difference in the locations of the cytoplasmic FRK and HXK isozymes suggests that glucose phosphorylation is confined to defined special intracellular localizations while fructose phosphorylation is less confined [7].
  • Cloning of FRK, a novel human intracellular SRC-like tyrosine kinase-encoding gene [8].
  • Both KYNA and Gln concentrations in vivo might be influenced due to altered KAT I/GTK activity [9].
 

Biological context of FRK

  • The FRK/RAK-SHB signaling cascade: a versatile signal-transduction pathway that regulates cell survival, differentiation and proliferation [10].
  • The A2/GLC or B8/RAK tetramer-positive T cells were also substantially enriched in CD28-CD27- T cells of a late-differentiated phenotype in RA patients but not in controls [11].
  • RAK mRNA was expressed in basal cells of the tadpole epidermis and germinative cells in the adult epidermis [12].
  • Beyond the diagnostic value of RAK markers, future cloning of the full viral genome would lead to a better understanding of the etiology of malignant and nonmalignant tumors of reproductive organs and to the development of novel therapeutic approaches [13].
  • It is suggested that genetic predisposition to cancer may be associated with the presence of RAK genes, while expression of RAK antigens marks an already ongoing process of malignant changes [14].
 

Anatomical context of FRK

  • Relevance of the viral RAK alpha gene in diagnosis of malignant versus nonmalignant tumors of the ovary and uterus [13].
  • RAK gene-positive basal skein cells and fibroblasts in and around the STC were weakly and strongly sparc-positive, respectively [15].
  • Through expression studies in Xenopus oocytes and mammalian cells, we found that the m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) potently suppresses a cloned delayed rectifier potassium channel, termed RAK, through a pathway involving phospholipase C activation and direct tyrosine phosphorylation of the RAK protein [16].
  • FRK/RAK and SHB exert similar effects when overexpressed in rat phaeochromocytoma (PC12) and beta-cells, where they both induce PC12 cell differentiation and beta-cell proliferation [10].
 

Associations of FRK with chemical compounds

  • CONCLUSION: The significant correlation between KYNA and Gln concentrations in vivo may support the previous finding that kynurenine aminotransferase I (KAT I), responsible for the biosynthesis of KYNA, was identical to Gln transaminase K (GTK), which catalyses the transamination of Gln to 2-oxoglutamic acid [9].
 

Other interactions of FRK

  • ETV6/FRK could transform both Ba/F3 cells and NIH3T3 cells, which depended on its kinase activity [1].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of FRK

  • The RAK alpha gene was PCR amplified with HIV-1-derived primers SK68 and SK69 [13].
  • Expression of RAK antigens in ovarian, uterine, cervical, and vulvar cancer, in benign tumors, in tissues adjacent to cancer, and in normal tissues was tested by Western blot hybridization of the electrophoretically separated proteins with monoclonal antibody RAK BrI [13].

References

  1. Identification of a SRC-like tyrosine kinase gene, FRK, fused with ETV6 in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia carrying a t(6;12)(q21;p13) translocation. Hosoya, N., Qiao, Y., Hangaishi, A., Wang, L., Nannya, Y., Sanada, M., Kurokawa, M., Chiba, S., Hirai, H., Ogawa, S. Genes Chromosomes Cancer (2005) [Pubmed]
  2. Rapid isolation of cell-type-specific protein tyrosine kinases by degenerate polymerase chain reaction combined with differential hybridization technique. Kim, S.J., Sasaki, H., Takahashi, A., Katoh, M., Kakizoe, T., Kim, Y.K., Sugimura, T., Terada, M. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. (1995) [Pubmed]
  3. Tyrosine kinase-dependent suppression of a potassium channel by the G protein-coupled m1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor. Huang, X.Y., Morielli, A.D., Peralta, E.G. Cell (1993) [Pubmed]
  4. Ligand specificity of human surfactant protein D: expression of a mutant trimeric collectin that shows enhanced interactions with influenza A virus. Crouch, E., Tu, Y., Briner, D., McDonald, B., Smith, K., Holmskov, U., Hartshorn, K. J. Biol. Chem. (2005) [Pubmed]
  5. Immunohistochemical versus molecular detection of RAK antigens in breast cancer. Kyriacou, K.C., Iacovou, F., Adamou, A., Hadjisavvas, A., Rakowicz-Szulczynska, E.M. Exp. Mol. Pathol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  6. Altered EBV viral load setpoint after HIV seroconversion is in accordance with lack of predictive value of EBV load for the occurrence of AIDS-related non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Piriou, E.R., van Dort, K., Nanlohy, N.M., Miedema, F., van Oers, M.H., van Baarle, D. J. Immunol. (2004) [Pubmed]
  7. Evidence for intracellular spatial separation of hexokinases and fructokinases in tomato plants. Damari-Weissler, H., Kandel-Kfir, M., Gidoni, D., Mett, A., Belausov, E., Granot, D. Planta (2006) [Pubmed]
  8. Cloning of FRK, a novel human intracellular SRC-like tyrosine kinase-encoding gene. Lee, J., Wang, Z., Luoh, S.M., Wood, W.I., Scadden, D.T. Gene (1994) [Pubmed]
  9. Determination of kynurenic acid in human serum and its correlation with the concentration of certain amino acids. Fukushima, T., Mitsuhashi, S., Tomiya, M., Iyo, M., Hashimoto, K., Toyo'oka, T. Clin. Chim. Acta (2007) [Pubmed]
  10. The FRK/RAK-SHB signaling cascade: a versatile signal-transduction pathway that regulates cell survival, differentiation and proliferation. Annerén, C., Lindholm, C.K., Kriz, V., Welsh, M. Curr. Mol. Med. (2003) [Pubmed]
  11. Expansion of peripheral CD8+ CD28- T cells in response to Epstein-Barr virus in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Klatt, T., Ouyang, Q., Flad, T., Koetter, I., Bühring, H.J., Kalbacher, H., Pawelec, G., Müller, C.A. J. Rheumatol. (2005) [Pubmed]
  12. Novel Rana keratin genes and their expression during larval to adult epidermal conversion in bullfrog tadpoles. Suzuki, K., Sato, K., Katsu, K., Hayashita, H., Kristensen, D.B., Yoshizato, K. Differentiation (2001) [Pubmed]
  13. Relevance of the viral RAK alpha gene in diagnosis of malignant versus nonmalignant tumors of the ovary and uterus. Rakowicz-Szulczynska, E.M. Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. (2000) [Pubmed]
  14. New protein and PCR markers RAK for diagnosis, prognosis and surgery guidance for breast cancer. Rakowicz-Szulczynska, E.M., Markowski, M., Mackiewicz, A., Karczewska, A., Snyder, W., McIntosh, D.G., Kapcinska, M., Smith, M.L. Cancer Lett. (1997) [Pubmed]
  15. Molecular identification of the skin transformation center of anuran larval skin using genes of Rana adult keratin (RAK) and SPARC as probes. Ishida, Y., Suzuki, K., Utoh, R., Obara, M., Yoshizato, K. Dev. Growth Differ. (2003) [Pubmed]
  16. Dual modulation of a potassium channel by the m1 muscarinic and beta2-adrenergic receptors. Peralta, E.G. Life Sci. (1995) [Pubmed]
 
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