High impact information on FGF10

• Here, we show that three WNT factors signaling through beta-catenin act as key regulators of the FGF-8/FGF-10 loop [1].
• Finally, we also show that the induction of Fgf-8 in the limb ectoderm by FGF-10 is mediated by the induction of Wnt-3a [1].
• A regulatory loop between the fibroblast growth factors FGF-8 and FGF-10 plays a key role in limb initiation and AER induction in vertebrate embryos [1].
• To test whether the relocalization from nuclear to cytoplasmic sites interferes with downstream gene expression, we used limb-specific Fgf10 and heart-specific Anf promoter-luciferase reporters and demonstrate that LMP4 acts as a repressor of Tbx5 activity [2].
• Ectopic Tbx4 induced ectopic bud formation in the esophagus by activating the expression of Fgf10 [3].

Biological context of FGF10

• FGF10 and FGF receptor inhibition cause opposed effects on cell determination and cell proliferation [4].
• A detailed study of the expression pattern of FGF10, proneural, and neurogenic genes revealed the following temporal sequence for the onset of gene expression: FGF10>Ngn1/Delta1/Hes5>NeuroD/NeuroM [4].
• We have found that FGFR2b is expressed by limb ectoderm, including the AER, consistent with paracrine signaling of FGF10 [5].
• Expression patterns of several genes which are known to influence lung branching morphogenesis were altered in response to changes in mesenchymal NF-kappaB activity, including fgf10, bmp-4, and tgf-beta1 [6].
• Forced expression of Fgf10 in the femoral skin suppressed expression of Shh and a zinc finger gene snail-related (cSnR), while induced expression of Bmp2 in the interbud region, resulting in thickening of the epidermal layer [7].

Anatomical context of FGF10

• Ectopic application of FGF10 to the chick embryonic flank can induce Fgf8 expression in the adjacent ectoderm, resulting in the formation of an additional complete limb [8].
• In this report, we provide evidence that a member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family, FGF10, emanates from the prospective limb mesoderm to serve as an endogenous initiator for limb bud formation [8].
• FGF7 and FGF10 directly induce the apical ectodermal ridge in chick embryos [9].
• Fgf10 expression in the prospective limb mesenchyme precedes Fgf8 expression in the nascent apical ectoderm [8].
• In our present study, we show that FGF10 is an early mesenchymal signal that is critically associated with the developmental processes in the proventricular epithelium [10].

Regulatory relationships of FGF10

• Ectopic expression of FGF10 in vivo promotes an increase in NeuroD and NeuroM expression [4].

Other interactions of FGF10

• In the earliest stages, Fgf19 and Fgf8 expressions determine two subdomains within the Fgf10-positive proneural-sensory territory [11].
• These results support the idea that FGF10 is a mesenchymally derived stimulator of epidermal development through crosstalk with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), beta-catenin, and other signaling pathways [7].
• To better understand the function of FGFR2 in mandibular morphogenesis, we have analysed the expression Fgfr2b, Fgfr2c and their putative ligands Fgf10 and Fgf9, in the developing chick mandibular processes by in situ hybridisation and RT-PCR [12].
• FGF-2, FGF-10, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, and FREK mRNA expression was significantly increased at 11 days poststretch [13].
• In contrast, FGF-4 and FGF-10 mRNA expression was significantly increased 2 days after initiation of stretch [13].

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of FGF10

• Specimens were processed for whole mount in situ hybridization using antisense riboprobes encoding chick GDF-5 and FGF-10 or for histology analysis at indicated time points [14].

References