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Gene Review

Ras85D  -  Ras oncogene at 85D

Drosophila melanogaster

Synonyms: C-ras1, CG9375, D-Ras, D-Ras1, D-ras-1, ...
 
 
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Disease relevance of Ras85D

 

High impact information on Ras85D

  • We find that loss of tsc1 disrupts patterning due to a loss of temporal control of differentiation. tsc1 controls the timing of differentiation downstream or in parallel to the RAS/MAPK pathway [3].
  • The Ras GTPase links extracellular mitogens to intracellular mechanisms that control cell proliferation [4].
  • DOS, a novel pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein required for signal transduction between sevenless and Ras1 in Drosophila [5].
  • Previous analyses have demonstrated that Ras1 (p21ras) operates upstream of the D-Raf (Raf1) serine/threonine kinase in this signaling pathway [6].
  • By using a recently developed technique of germline mosaics, we find that D-Raf can be activated by torso in the complete absence of Ras1 [6].
 

Biological context of Ras85D

 

Anatomical context of Ras85D

  • Hedgehog and RAS pathways cooperate in the anterior-posterior specification and positioning of cardiac progenitor cells [10].
  • These results suggest that Ras1 signaling during oogenesis involves novel components that may be intimately associated with additional signaling processes and with the reorganization of the cytoskeleton [11].
  • We demonstrate that during embryogenesis Ras1 transcripts are restricted mainly to the embryonic central nervous system, suggesting that the gene product also may have a role in these nerve cells [12].
  • One encodes the beta subunit of type I geranylgeranyl transferase, a prenylation enzyme essential for targeting RAS to the plasma membrane [13].
  • Furthermore, we have analyzed the maternal-effect phenotype of Son of sevenless (Sos), a positive regulator of Ras1, and showed that embryos derived from germ cells lacking Sos+ activity exhibit a terminal-class phenotype [14].
 

Associations of Ras85D with chemical compounds

  • PTP-ER, a novel tyrosine phosphatase, functions downstream of Ras1 to downregulate MAP kinase during Drosophila eye development [15].
 

Physical interactions of Ras85D

 

Regulatory relationships of Ras85D

  • Transient misexpression of the activated Ras1 protein (Ras1V12) later in pupal development suppressed the Argos-induced cell death [18].
  • Ectopic expression of PTP-ER dramatically inhibits RAS1/MAPK signaling [15].
  • Both the lethality and the eye roughening caused by activated Dsrc were partially suppressed by mutations in the Drosophila Ras1 gene [19].
  • Ras GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs) are negative regulators of ras, which controls proliferation and differentiation in many cells [20].
 

Other interactions of Ras85D

  • Interactions between Ras1, dMyc, and dPI3K signaling in the developing Drosophila wing [8].
  • Here, we show that the repressive effect of the RIR is counteracted by the ability of Src42 to associate, in an RTK-dependent manner, with a conserved region located immediately C-terminal to the RIR [21].
  • To determine whether these Ras1 Enhancers function upstream or downstream of the Egf receptor, four mutations were tested for their ability to suppress an activated Egfr construct (lambdatop) expressed in oogenesis exclusively in the follicle cells [11].
  • Ras1, the Drosophila homologue of p21, and the Rlb1 protein, are also non-cytoplasmic, membranous proteins [12].
  • The expression of Rlc1 during embryogenesis is similar, but not identical, to the expression pattern detected for Ras1 [12].
 

Analytical, diagnostic and therapeutic context of Ras85D

References

  1. Noonan syndrome and related disorders: dysregulated RAS-mitogen activated protein kinase signal transduction. Gelb, B.D., Tartaglia, M. Hum. Mol. Genet. (2006) [Pubmed]
  2. Mammalian homologue of E. coli Ras-like GTPase (ERA) is a possible apoptosis regulator with RNA binding activity. Akiyama, T., Gohda, J., Shibata, S., Nomura, Y., Azuma, S., Ohmori, Y., Sugano, S., Arai, H., Yamamoto, T., Inoue, J. Genes Cells (2001) [Pubmed]
  3. Temporal control of differentiation by the insulin receptor/tor pathway in Drosophila. Bateman, J.M., McNeill, H. Cell (2004) [Pubmed]
  4. Ras1 promotes cellular growth in the Drosophila wing. Prober, D.A., Edgar, B.A. Cell (2000) [Pubmed]
  5. DOS, a novel pleckstrin homology domain-containing protein required for signal transduction between sevenless and Ras1 in Drosophila. Raabe, T., Riesgo-Escovar, J., Liu, X., Bausenwein, B.S., Deak, P., Maröy, P., Hafen, E. Cell (1996) [Pubmed]
  6. The torso receptor tyrosine kinase can activate Raf in a Ras-independent pathway. Hou, X.S., Chou, T.B., Melnick, M.B., Perrimon, N. Cell (1995) [Pubmed]
  7. Raf functions downstream of Ras1 in the Sevenless signal transduction pathway. Dickson, B., Sprenger, F., Morrison, D., Hafen, E. Nature (1992) [Pubmed]
  8. Interactions between Ras1, dMyc, and dPI3K signaling in the developing Drosophila wing. Prober, D.A., Edgar, B.A. Genes Dev. (2002) [Pubmed]
  9. Ectopic expression of activated Ras1 induces hyperplastic growth and increased cell death in Drosophila imaginal tissues. Karim, F.D., Rubin, G.M. Development (1998) [Pubmed]
  10. Hedgehog and RAS pathways cooperate in the anterior-posterior specification and positioning of cardiac progenitor cells. Liu, J., Qian, L., Wessells, R.J., Bidet, Y., Jagla, K., Bodmer, R. Dev. Biol. (2006) [Pubmed]
  11. Ras1 interacts with multiple new signaling and cytoskeletal loci in Drosophila eggshell patterning and morphogenesis. Schnorr, J.D., Holdcraft, R., Chevalier, B., Berg, C.A. Genetics (2001) [Pubmed]
  12. Differential expression during embryogenesis of three genes clustered in the Ras1 region of Drosophila melanogaster. Ezer, S.T., Sahar, D., Salzberg, A., Lev, Z. Dev. Dyn. (1994) [Pubmed]
  13. KSR, a novel protein kinase required for RAS signal transduction. Therrien, M., Chang, H.C., Solomon, N.M., Karim, F.D., Wassarman, D.A., Rubin, G.M. Cell (1995) [Pubmed]
  14. Control of cell fate determination by p21ras/Ras1, an essential component of torso signaling in Drosophila. Lu, X., Chou, T.B., Williams, N.G., Roberts, T., Perrimon, N. Genes Dev. (1993) [Pubmed]
  15. PTP-ER, a novel tyrosine phosphatase, functions downstream of Ras1 to downregulate MAP kinase during Drosophila eye development. Karim, F.D., Rubin, G.M. Mol. Cell (1999) [Pubmed]
  16. An SH3-SH2-SH3 protein is required for p21Ras1 activation and binds to sevenless and Sos proteins in vitro. Simon, M.A., Dodson, G.S., Rubin, G.M. Cell (1993) [Pubmed]
  17. Promoter sequence and expression of the leucine-rich repeat gene LRR47: evidence for cytoplasmic and nuclear localization in Drosophila embryos and cells. Buchanan, S.G., Dornan, S., Gay, N.J. Gene (1998) [Pubmed]
  18. Argos induces programmed cell death in the developing Drosophila eye by inhibition of the Ras pathway. Sawamoto, K., Taguchi, A., Hirota, Y., Yamada, C., Jin, M.H., Okano, H. Cell Death Differ. (1998) [Pubmed]
  19. Ras1-dependent signaling by ectopically-expressed Drosophila src gene product in the embryo and developing eye. Kussick, S.J., Basler, K., Cooper, J.A. Oncogene (1993) [Pubmed]
  20. GapIII, a new brain-enriched member of the GTPase-activating protein family. Baba, H., Fuss, B., Urano, J., Poullet, P., Watson, J.B., Tamanoi, F., Macklin, W.B. J. Neurosci. Res. (1995) [Pubmed]
  21. Src42 binding activity regulates Drosophila RAF by a novel CNK-dependent derepression mechanism. Laberge, G., Douziech, M., Therrien, M. EMBO J. (2005) [Pubmed]
  22. 14-3-3 epsilon positively regulates Ras-mediated signaling in Drosophila. Chang, H.C., Rubin, G.M. Genes Dev. (1997) [Pubmed]
 
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